Artificial Intelligence (AI) is much in the news these days. As a concept, AI seems completely unrelated to the field of law. Although, AI and Law are intricately intertwined and are becoming more so each day. In this lecture, Professor Harry Surden – a former software engineer and leader of the emerging interdisciplinary field of AI and Law – will explore: What is Artificial Intelligence? How is law affecting Artificial Intelligence?

Arthur Samuel, an American pioneer in the field of computer gaming, artificial intelligence and machine learning defined Machine Learning as a "Field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed". There are computer programs that can teach themselves to grow and change when exposed to new data. Machine Learning focuses on such programs. Both search the data to look for patterns. Data mining applications extract data for human comprehension and machine learning mines that data to find out patterns.

Contrary to what mass media might have you believe, artificial intelligence (AI) is not a new concept. AI was first mathematically conceptualized in 1950 by Alan Turing, a British polymath. Turing proposed that machines could use available information and logic to solve problems and make decisions the same way humans do. Although no tangible program came out of Turing's speculations, Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, and Herbert Simon soon proved that AI was not simply science fiction. In 1955, Newell, Shaw, and Simon created the first "artificial intelligence" program, Logic Theorist.

The semiconductor chip manufacturing and design work is in full swing with large players working on building process nodes as low as 3nm. But, there is a limit to how many transistors can be infused on a single chip. Even with the introduction of multi-core processors, in which multiple single-core processors could be attached to increase power, concerns over whether this is enough to sustain in the long run looms. At this point, it seems as though we have reached saturation levels, and chants of Moore's law--which states that every 12-18 months, the processing power doubles--slowing down or nearing an end have been restored. However, a new ray of light--the cloud--has been powering Moore's law and will continue to do so at least for the next decade or two, propelling the most cutting-edge innovation.

The holiday shopping season reaches its peak when Cyber Monday deals roll around. Sales are often better than on Black Friday, but with every retailer promising the best Cyber Monday discounts, it can be tricky to work out what deals to snag and when to pass. Luckily, we have done the hard work for you. WIRED reviewers try countless gadgets, tools, and digital delights of all kinds every week, and we have developed smart shopping tips and tricks to weed out fake discounts and bring you the real deals. We can say with confidence that these are the absolute best Cyber Monday deals you're going to find. You will find regular updates as products go out of stock and prices change, and we'll keep scouring to find more deals worth grabbing. Updated November 27: We've added deals on umbrellas, mobile accessories, and more. We've also updated pricing and availability. We test products year-round and handpicked these deals. Products that are sold out or no longer discounted as of publishing will be crossed out . We'll update this guide through Cyber Monday. If you buy something using links in our stories, we may earn a commission. This helps support our journalism. Just like upgrading the bed you sleep on, few things will improve your life like a good chair. If you park your body in front of a desk all day, it's a good idea to give the humble chair more attention. Some of our favorites are on sale right now. See our Best Office Chairs guide for more. Our top office chair pick is a bit cheaper right now. We've tested more than 35 office chairs in the past year and this is the one to get based on comfort, quality, adjustability, and price. At this price, you'd be hard-pressed to find a cheaper way to get seven points of adjustment. The only thing we don't like is that pet hair tends to cling, so keep a lint roller handy. The Zeph looks wonderful--there are dozens of color customizations--but the only adjustment you can make is to raise the seat up or down. You might think that would make for an uncomfortable chair, but it doesn't. This lack of adjustability is by design as the Zeph is designed to mold to your body. We do suggest you get the seat pad and arms, which add a smidge more comfort, though it does jack the price up a bit. The Zeph is compact, making it a great option for smaller spaces. The humble Hyken is our favorite budget office chair. It reclines, has a breathable mesh fabric on the back and seat, and it's sturdy.

As millions of people travel the interstates over the long Thanksgiving weekend, many will encounter patches of traffic at a standstill for no apparent reason -- no construction or accident. Researchers say the problem is you. Human drivers just don't do a good job of navigating dense traffic conditions, but an experiment using artificial intelligence in Nashville last week means help could be on the way. In the experiment, specially equipped cars were able to ease rush hour congestion on Interstate-24, researcher Daniel Work said on Tuesday. In addition to lessening driver frustration, Work said less stop-and-go driving means fuel savings and, by extension, less pollution.

If you are reading this article then chances are that some part of your life is affected by technology. In 2019, there were a number of technological advancements that changed our lives and brought us closer than ever. From smartphones to computers, these innovations have had a big impact on us all but they also had a major effect on humans as well. Artificial Intelligence is one such innovation, which has made people think about how we can make machines able to learn as we do with animals. So, if AI gets smarter, it means that humans are getting more intelligent too; making them a bit less human and more machinery.

Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have developed a deep-learning-based computer-aided detection (CAD) system to identify difficult-to-detect brain metastases on MR images. The algorithm exhibited excellent sensitivity and specificity, outperforming other CAD systems in development. The tool shows potential to enable earlier identification of emerging brain metastases, allowing them to be targeted with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) when they first appear and, for some patients, reducing the number of required treatments. SRS, which uses precisely focused photon beams to deliver a high dose of radiation to targets in the brain in a single radiotherapy session, is evolving into the standard-of-care treatment for patients with a limited number of brain metastases. To target a metastasis, however, it must first be identified on an MR image.

Long gone are the days of camping outside Walmart after Thanksgiving, making small talk with strangers as you prepare to jostle them in the hopes of snagging a doorbuster deal. Swap the coat for pajamas and the tent for your couch--all of the best Walmart Cyber Monday deals are available online. You can even choose free in-store pickup to skip waiting for the mail to come. Updated November 27: We've added the Instax Mini 7, Vitamix 6500 blender, and an Anker Portable Charger. We've also updated pricing and availability throughout. We test products year-round and handpicked these deals. Products that are sold out or no longer discounted as of publishing will be crossed out . We'll update this guide through Cyber Monday.

But you don't always have to reach for the most extravagant items to add to your cart. There are plenty of affordable options that'll make for great gifts regardless of who you're shopping for. To help make it easier, we've rounded up a plethora of Cyber Monday deals under $50 on streaming sticks, smart displays, video games, and more. Check out our 25 Gifts Under $25 guide for more budget-friendly holiday gift ideas. Updated November 27, 2022: We've added deals on several packs and bags, a USB hub, desktop iPad stand, MagSafe wallets, and more. We've also updated pricing and availability. We test products year-round and handpicked these deals. Products that are sold out or no longer discounted as of publishing will be crossed out . We'll update this guide throughout the Black Friday and Cyber Monday weekend. If you buy something using links in our stories, we may earn a commission.