Evaluating Intelligent Algorithms for Gait Phase Classification in Lower Limb Robotic Systems

Accurate and rapid detection of gait phases is of utmost importance in achieving optimal performance of powered lower-limb prostheses and exoskeletons. With the increasing versatility and complexity of these robotic systems, there is a growing need to enhance the performance of gait detection algorithms. The development of reliable and functional gait detection algorithms holds the potential to enhance precision, stability, and safety in prosthetic devices and other rehabilitation technologies. In this systematic review, we delve into the extensive body of research and development in the domain of gait event detection methods, with a specific focus on their application to prosthetic devices. Our review critically assesses various proposed methods, aiming to identify the most effective approaches for gait phase classification in lower limb robotic systems. Through a comprehensive comparative analysis, we highlight the strengths and weaknesses of different algorithms, shedding light on their performance characteristics, applicability, and potential for further improvements. This comprehensive review was conducted by screening two databases, namely IEEE and Scopus. The search was limited to 204 papers published from 2010 to 2023. A total of 6 papers that focused on Heuristic, Thresholding, and Amplitude Zero Crossing involved techniques were identified and included in the review. 33.3% of implemented Algorithms used kinematic parameters such as joint angles, joint linear and angular velocity, and joint angular acceleration. This study purely focuses on threshold-based algorithms and thus paper focusing on other gait phase detection methods were excluded.