China's 'New Generation' AI-Brain Project – Analysis

China is pursuing what its leaders call a "first-mover advantage" in artificial intelligence (AI), facilitated by a state-backed plan to achieve breakthroughs by modeling human cognition. While not unique to China, the research warrants concern since it raises the bar on AI safety, leverages ongoing U.S. research, and exposes U.S. deficiencies in tracking foreign technological threats. The article begins with a review of the statutory basis for China's AI-brain program, examines related scholarship, and analyzes the supporting science. China's advantages are discussed along with the implications of this brain-inspired research. Recommendations to address our concerns are offered in conclusion. All claims are based on primary Chinese data.1 Analysts familiar with China's technical development programs understand that in China things happen by plan, and that China is not reticent about announcing these plans. On July 8, 2017 China's State Council released its "New Generation AI Development Plan"2 to advance Chinese artificial intelligence in three stages, at the end of which, in 2030, China would lead the world in AI theory, technology, and applications.3