A New cross-domain strategy based XAI models for fake news detection

A New cross-domain strategy based XAI models for fake news detection v0.1.1 ABSTRACT The Advancement in technology and rapid usage of social media has made communication easier and faster than ever before. Fake news threatens the community, democracy, egalitarianism and people's trust. Cross-domain text classification is a task of a model adopting a target domain by using the knowledge of the source domain. Natural Language Processing and Deep Learning models are used to identify misleading information. Explainability is crucial in understanding the behaviour of these complex models. In this study, we propose a four-level cross-domain strategy to study the impact of explainability on cross-domain models. The latest findings in the natural language process, the "Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers" (BERT) model published by Devlin et al. (2018) google used to implement the concept of transfer learning. A fine-tune BERT model is used to perform cross-domain classification. Using this model, we conducted four experiments using datasets from different domains. Explanatory models like Anchor, ELI5, LIME and SHAP are used to design a novel explainable approach to cross-domain levels. The experimental analysis has given an ideal pair of XAI models on different levels of cross-domain. INTRODUCTION Nowadays, social media has become a potential influencing tool. According to the statistics published by Datareportal in July 2022, there is exponential growth in social media platforms, declaring that more than half of the world's population (59 per cent) is using them. Consequently, these platforms have deterministic effects on people's lives and the integrity of societies and local communities. Groups of people forming social media clusters use, unfortunately, these tools to spread speculation - so-called "fake news". In 2008, a journalist posted a report about Steve jobs medical condition. It has created massive confusion and controversy within societies and led to fluctuations in the stock price of Apple Inc. Rubin (2017). During the Covid-19 pandemic, fake news was largely spread among people and has created panic within societies. Recent statistics published by the United States support receiving reports from 80 per cent of consumers about the fake news outbreak. Insufficient data is one of the reasons behind unreliable communication, making it difficult to distinguish fake from real news. In 2016, fake news was popular mainly during the United States elections. They have created a great source of influence on people's opinions about two constants.