Article 13: What just happened to the EU 'meme ban' and why are people so angry?

The EU has passed some of its most controversial rules in years, changes that could fundamentally alter how the internet works. We'll tell you what's true. You can form your own view. But opponents say it will have the accidental effect of banning all sorts of legitimate behaviour, punishing tech companies and maybe even "banning memes". What are the new rules?