What privacy issues for Artificial Intelligence with the GDPR?

Artificial intelligence technologies might find a considerable hurdle in privacy rights, obligations and sanctions provided by the EU General Data Protection Regulation. As part of the series of blog posts on the major changes introduced by the EU Data Protection Regulation, here is an article on how it might affect artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence exhibited by machines. In computer science, an ideal "intelligent" machine is a flexible rational agent that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of success at some goal. Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is applied when a machine mimics "cognitive" functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as "learning" and "problem solving".