Collective Embedding-based Entity Alignment via Adaptive Features

--Entity alignment (EA) identifies entities that refer to the same real-world object but locate in different knowledge graphs (KGs), and has been harnessed for KG construction and integration. When generating EA results, current embedding-based solutions treat entities independently and fail to take into account the interdependence between entities. In addition, most of embedding-based EA methods either fuse different features on representation-level and generate unified entity embedding for alignment, which potentially causes information loss, or aggregate features on outcome-level with hand-tuned weights, which is not practical with increasing numbers of features. T o tackle these deficiencies, we propose a collective embedding-based EA framework with adaptive feature fusion mechanism. We first employ three representative features, i.e., structural, semantic and string signals, for capturing different aspects of the similarity between entities in heterogeneous KGs. These features are then integrated at outcome-level, with dynamically assigned weights generated by our carefully devised adaptive feature fusion strategy. Eventually, in order to make collective EA decisions, we formulate EA as the classical stable matching problem between entities to be aligned, with preference lists constructed using fused feature matrix. It is further effectively solved by deferred acceptance algorithm. Our proposal is evaluated on both cross-lingual and monolingual EA benchmarks against state-of- the-art solutions, and the empirical results verify its effectiveness and superiority. We also perform ablation study to gain insights into framework modules. I NTRODUCTION Knowledge graph (KG) is playing an increasingly more important role in intelligent information services, e.g., information retrieval [27], automatic question answering [14] and recommendation systems [3]. Despite that a large number of KGs have been constructed over recent years, none of them can reach full coverage . These KGs, however, usually contain complementary contents, making it compelling to study the integration of heterogeneous KGs. To incorporate the knowledge from target KGs into the source KG, an indispensable step would be entity alignment (EA). EA aims to discover entities that have the same meaning but locate in different KGs.