Enhancing Agricultural Environment Perception via Active Vision and Zero-Shot Learning

Agriculture, fundamental for human sustenance, faces unprecedented challenges. The need for efficient, human-cooperative, and sustainable farming methods has never been greater. The core contributions of this work involve leveraging Active Vision (AV) techniques and Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) to improve the robot's ability to perceive and interact with agricultural environment in the context of fruit harvesting. The AV Pipeline implemented within ROS 2 integrates the Next-Best View (NBV) Planning for 3D environment reconstruction through a dynamic 3D Occupancy Map. Our system allows the robotics arm to dynamically plan and move to the most informative viewpoints and explore the environment, updating the 3D reconstruction using semantic information produced through ZSL models. Simulation and real-world experimental results demonstrate our system's effectiveness in complex visibility conditions, outperforming traditional and static predefined planning methods. ZSL segmentation models employed, such as YOLO World + EfficientViT SAM, exhibit high-speed performance and accurate segmentation, allowing flexibility when dealing with semantic information in unknown agricultural contexts without requiring any fine-tuning process.