PC-Fairness: A Unified Framework for Measuring Causality-based Fairness

Wesummarize all unidentifiable situations that are discovered in the causal inference literature. Then, we develop a constrained optimization problem forbounding thePCfairness, whichismotivatedbythemethod proposed in[2]forbounding confounded causaleffects. Thekeyideaistoparameterize thecausal model using so-called response-function variables, whose distribution captures all randomness encoded in the causal model, so that we can explicitly traverse all possible causal models to find thetightest possible bounds.