A Comprehensive Survey of Deep Learning for Image Captioning

These sources contain images that viewers would have to interpret themselves. Most images do not have a description, but the human can largely understand them without their detailed captions. However, machine needs to interpret some form of image captions if humans need automatic image captions from it. Image captioning is important for many reasons. For example, they can be used for automatic image indexing. Image indexing is important for Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) and therefore, it can be applied to many areas, including biomedicine, commerce, the military, education, digital libraries, and web searching. Social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter can directly generate descriptions from images. The descriptions can include where we are (e.g., beach, cafe), what we wear and importantly what we are doing there.