PD-ADSV: An Automated Diagnosing System Using Voice Signals and Hard Voting Ensemble Method for Parkinson's Disease

In most cases, Parkinson's disease can be diagnosed based on the patient's motor symptoms [3] or through alternative neuroimaging methods such as PET scans and MRI [4]; However, in addition to being costly, time-consuming, and inaccessible to the general public, these procedures are not remarkably accurate when diagnosing patients. Recent studies indicate that nearly 90 percent of PD patients suffer from vocal disorders as one of its first symptoms [5]. Voice and speech issues are characterized by decreased absolute speech volume and pitch variation, breathiness, tremor, hoarse voice quality (roughness), variable speech rates, and imprecise articulation [6]. Therefore, analyzing the voice signals of Parkinson's patients is a vital step in the early diagnosis of this disorder.