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Converging Measures and an Emergent Model: A Meta-Analysis of Human-Automation Trust Questionnaires

Razin, Yosef S., Feigh, Karen M.

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

A significant challenge to measuring human-automation trust is the amount of construct proliferation, models, and questionnaires with highly variable validation. However, all agree that trust is a crucial element of technological acceptance, continued usage, fluency, and teamwork. Herein, we synthesize a consensus model for trust in human-automation interaction by performing a meta-analysis of validated and reliable trust survey instruments. To accomplish this objective, this work identifies the most frequently cited and best-validated human-automation and human-robot trust questionnaires, as well as the most well-established factors, which form the dimensions and antecedents of such trust. To reduce both confusion and construct proliferation, we provide a detailed mapping of terminology between questionnaires. Furthermore, we perform a meta-analysis of the regression models that emerged from those experiments which used multi-factorial survey instruments. Based on this meta-analysis, we demonstrate a convergent experimentally validated model of human-automation trust. This convergent model establishes an integrated framework for future research. It identifies the current boundaries of trust measurement and where further investigation is necessary. We close by discussing choosing and designing an appropriate trust survey instrument. By comparing, mapping, and analyzing well-constructed trust survey instruments, a consensus structure of trust in human-automation interaction is identified. Doing so discloses a more complete basis for measuring trust emerges that is widely applicable. It integrates the academic idea of trust with the colloquial, common-sense one. Given the increasingly recognized importance of trust, especially in human-automation interaction, this work leaves us better positioned to understand and measure it.


Diablo co-creator Erich Schaefer is making an action RPG with a studio of Blizzard North veterans

Engadget

With Diablo IV set to arrive later this year, 2023 will be a big year for action RPGs. But there's more to look forward to beyond this year. On Thursday, Moon Beast Productions – an indie studio founded by Phil Shenk and Peter Hu, two former Blizzard North developers – announced the hiring of Diablo series co-creator Erich Schaefer. In an interview with GamesBeat, the studio said Schaefer will serve as lead creator director on a new action RPG. Details on the project are sparse, but what Moon Beast shared with Schaefer was reportedly enough to convince him to come out of retirement.


Specialization is key in an exploding AI chatbot market

#artificialintelligence

We are excited to bring Transform 2022 back in-person July 19 and virtually July 20 - 28. Join AI and data leaders for insightful talks and exciting networking opportunities. Amid an exploding market for AI chatbots, companies that target their virtual assistants to specialized enterprise sectors may get a firmer foothold than general chatbots, according to Gartner analysts. That's not news to Zowie, which claims to be the only AI-powered chatbot technology specifically built for ecommerce companies that use customer support to drive sales – no small feat in an industry in which customer service teams answer tens of thousands of repetitive questions daily. Today, the company announced it has secured $14 million in series A funding led by Tiger Global Management, bringing its total to $20 million. Chatbots -- sometimes referred to as virtual assistants -- are built on conversational AI platforms (CAIP) that combine speech-based technology, natural language processing and machine learning tools to develop applications for use across many verticals.


4 digital transformation insights from MIT Sloan Management Review

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Companies around the world are adapting to new ways of doing business, with automation and artificial intelligence playing an important role amid the ongoing pandemic. These insights from MIT Sloan Management Review can help ensure digital transformation initiatives are successful while also resilient in the face of new disruption. As enterprises consider what digital transformation will look like after the pandemic, MIT Sloan senior lecturerGeorge Westermanencourages business leaders to leave behind their pre-pandemic assumptions about innovation. Instead, he said in a recent webinar, lean into how COVID-19 forced enterprises to change for the better. The collective response to the pandemic challenged longstanding notions about the efficiency of remote work, the agility of corporate IT departments, the rigidity of government regulators, and the willingness of customers to embrace (and pay for) digital interactions.


Parameterized Complexity of Logic-Based Argumentation in Schaefer's Framework

Mahmood, Yasir, Meier, Arne, Schmidt, Johannes

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Logic-based argumentation is a well-established formalism modelling nonmonotonic reasoning. It has been playing a major role in AI for decades, now. Informally, a set of formulas is the support for a given claim if it is consistent, subset-minimal, and implies the claim. In such a case, the pair of the support and the claim together is called an argument. In this paper, we study the propositional variants of the following three computational tasks studied in argumentation: ARG (exists a support for a given claim with respect to a given set of formulas), ARG-Check (is a given set a support for a given claim), and ARG-Rel (similarly as ARG plus requiring an additionally given formula to be contained in the support). ARG-Check is complete for the complexity class DP, and the other two problems are known to be complete for the second level of the polynomial hierarchy (Parson et al., J. Log. Comput., 2003) and, accordingly, are highly intractable. Analyzing the reason for this intractability, we perform a two-dimensional classification: first, we consider all possible propositional fragments of the problem within Schaefer's framework (STOC 1978), and then study different parameterizations for each of the fragment. We identify a list of reasonable structural parameters (size of the claim, support, knowledge-base) that are connected to the aforementioned decision problems. Eventually, we thoroughly draw a fine border of parameterized intractability for each of the problems showing where the problems are fixed-parameter tractable and when this exactly stops. Surprisingly, several cases are of very high intractability (paraNP and beyond).


Who Should Own RPA? - InformationWeek

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More enterprises are implementing robotics process automation (RPA) to increase operational efficiencies. However, some implementations have faltered because the lines of business weren't able to contemplate all of the technical and governance issues or IT built a solution that doesn't really align with business needs. Who should own RPA shouldn't be an either/or proposition. Business and IT leaders, as well as process owners, should work together within the context of an enterprise automation strategy. Some RPA vendors have successfully targeted business units that wanted to implement a solution quickly.


Computational Creativity: AI and the Art of Ingenuity World Science Festival

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CREATIVITY: IT'S AT THE HEART OF WHO WE HUMANS ARE… WE HUMANS ARE SPECIAL, RIGHT? Can a robot write a symphony? Can a robot turn a canvas into a beautiful masterpiece? OVER SOME 40,000 YEARS, HUMAN CREATIVITY HAS EXPLODED – FROM DRAWINGS ON CAVE WALLS THROUGH THE GREAT ART OF CENTURIES TO COME…. NOW, SCIENTISTS -- AND ARTISTS –ARE ASKING CAN A ROBOT TRULY IMAGINE AN ORIGINAL MASTERWORK? COMPUTATIONAL CREATIVITY IS LEADING US TO ASK NEW QUESTIONS ABOUT HUMAN CREATIVITY. IS THIS ESSENTIAL HUMAN TRAIT TRULY UNIQUE? WILL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BE A COMPETITOR? OR CAN IT BE A COLLABORATOR, HELPING US TOWARD STILL UNIMAGINED CREATIONS? SCHAEFER: My first guest is a member of Google Brain's Magenta team. He is currently working on neural network models of sound and music and recently produced a synthesizer that designed its own sounds. SCHAEFER: Also with us, is an Assistant professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign in the Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. He focuses on several surprising creative domains including the culinary arts and fashion and the theoretical foundations of creativity. SCHAEFER: Also with us is an Associate Professor of psychological and brain science at Dartmouth College. He's interested in the neural basis of imagination and in the evolution of human creativity. A former research fellow at MIT's Media lab and artist in residence at Google, please welcome Sougwen Chung.


Burbank's Blizzard Arena aims to take esports to the next level

Los Angeles Times

On Wednesday, video-game company Blizzard Entertainment launched the inaugural season of its competitive Overwatch League, the first major test of its dedicated esports broadcast facility in Burbank since it opened last year. Blizzard Arena Los Angeles is a roughly 450-seat, 50,000-square-foot, three-studio facility housed in the Burbank Studios, former home of "The Tonight Show." From January until June this year, Blizzard will host the Overwatch League, or OWL, the company's push for an esports organization modeled after traditional sports. Twelve permanent teams representing national and international cities will face each other in regular-season matches, then the best teams will later compete in playoffs to determine the first-ever OWL champion. Along with competing for their share of a $3.5-million prize pool, each player who has a spot on any of the team's rosters is guaranteed a minimum $50,000 salary, health benefits and a retirement plan.


Get ready for AI BizTimes Media Milwaukee

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In the fall of 2016, Oliver Buechse, a Green Bay-based strategy consultant, attended a conference in Silicon Valley with a focus on disruption in the financial industry. Interacting with the artificial intelligence and fintech community, Buechse noticed something different about the discussions there. AI, clearly, had already arrived on the West Coast. "All of California was abuzz about AI," Buechse said. "I thought, why aren't we talking about this in Wisconsin?" Wisconsin's apparent tardiness to the conversation concerned Buechse and he left compelled to spread the word. "Then I thought, 'Well, what am I going to do about it now that I know?'" he said. Eliciting fear or optimism, hype or indifference, artificial intelligence can be an elusive concept to pin down. Leading thinkers in the tech industry diverge on the subject. Entrepreneur Elon Musk has made headlines with near-apocalyptic predictions that the race for artificial intelligence will ignite World War III and that AI poses an existential threat to humans. Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, meanwhile, has dismissed such concerns.


How to Use Artificial Intelligence to Produce Content that Gets Results

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Have you noticed the accelerated pace of artificial intelligence in the world? Seventy-five percent of the movies watched on Netflix and one-third of product sales on Amazon are powered by AI. Voice activated devices such as iPhone Siri, Amazon Echo and Google Home are powered by AI. The medical industry is using AI to make better diagnoses. We revealed how companies can deliver a more personalized online experience using AI powered personalization, predictive analytics and autonomous delivery of content recommendations resulting in a better customer experience.