Artificial Intelligence Creeps on to the African Battlefield

In addition to the growing use of AI within surveillance systems across Africa, AI has also been integrated into weapon systems. Most prominently, lethal autonomous weapons systems use real-time sensor data coupled with AI and machine learning algorithms to "select and engage targets without further intervention by a human operator." Depending on how that definition is interpreted, the first use of a lethal autonomous weapon system in combat may have taken place on African soil in March 2020. That month, logistics units belonging to the armed forces of the Libyan warlord Khalifa Haftar came under attack by Turkish-made STM Kargu-2 drones as they fled Tripoli. According to a United Nations report, the Kargu-2 represented a lethal autonomous weapons system because it had been "programmed to attack targets without requiring data connectivity between the operator and munition."