The Unreasonable Ineffectiveness of Machine Learning in Computer Systems Research

In 1960, the physicist Eugene Wigner wrote a famous essay titled "The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences" in which he explored the question of why mathematics is so remarkably useful in the natural sciences. A contemporary example of such "unreasonable effectiveness" is the success that machine learning has had in transforming many disciplines in the past decade. Particularly impressive is the progress in autonomous vehicles. In the 2004 DARPA Grand Challenge for autonomous vehicles, which popularized the idea of driverless cars, none of the vehicles was able to complete a relatively simple route through the Mojave Desert, and I thought it unlikely that I would see driverless cars operating in urban environments in my lifetime. Since that time, progress in this area has been phenomenal, thanks to rapid advances in using machine learning for sensing and navigation (and in building low-cost sensors and controls).