Data and Justice in 2019 -- Who can afford big tech, and who can live without it?

This was not so much a transformation in terms of connectivity – nearly half the people in the world are not yet internet users, and if you are from a low-income country you probably only have patchy access to 3G if you are lucky. This was a change in the scale and reach of the world's data infrastructures, to a point where no one is truly invisible any more. You may not be able to reach the connected world, but it can certainly reach you. One clear sign of this internationalisation of infrastructure was the expansion of AI-enabled surveillance. A Carnegie Foundation report shows that 47 out of the 65 countries using AI surveillance are doing so with Chinese technology, though US and European firms are also providing substantial amounts.