Issues and Challenges in Applications of Artificial Intelligence to Nuclear Medicine -- The Bethesda Report (AI Summit 2022)

Arman Rahmim Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of British Columbia Tyler J. Bradshaw Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison Irène Buvat Institut Curie, Université PSL, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France Joyita Dutta Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst Abhinav K. Jha Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis Paul E. Kinahan Department of Radiology, University of Washington Quanzheng Li Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Chi Liu Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University Melissa D. McCradden Department of Bioethics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto Babak Saboury Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health Eliot Siegel Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, USA John J. Sunderland Departments of Radiology and Physics, University of Iowa Richard L. Wahl Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis Abstract The SNMMI Artificial Intelligence (SNMMI-AI) Summit, organized by the SNMMI AI Task Force, took place in Bethesda, MD on March 21-22, 2022. It brought together various community members and stakeholders from academia, healthcare, industry, patient representatives, and government (NIH, FDA), and considered various key themes to envision and facilitate a bright future for routine, trustworthy use of AI in nuclear medicine. In what follows, essential issues, challenges, controversies and findings emphasized in the meeting are summarized. Introduction The SNMMI Artificial Intelligence (SNMMI-AI) Summit, organized by the SNMMI AI Task Force, took place in Bethesda, MD on March 21-22, 2022. As summarized in Figure 1, various community members and stakeholders from academia, healthcare, industry, patient representatives, and government (NIH, FDA) participated in the AI Summit; and the meeting included rich presentations, roundtable discussion and interactions on key themes to envision and facilitate a bright future for routine, trustworthy use of AI in nuclear medicine.