Beyond Word Embeddings: Learning Entity and Concept Representations from Large Scale Knowledge Bases

Text representations using neural word embeddings have proven effective in many NLP applications. Recent researches adapt the traditional word embedding models to learn vectors of multiword expressions (concepts/entities). However, these methods are limited to textual knowledge bases (e.g., Wikipedia). In this paper, we propose a novel and simple technique for integrating the knowledge about concepts from two large scale knowledge bases of different structure (Wikipedia, and Probase) in order to learn concept representations. We adapt the efficient skip-gram model to seamlessly learn from the knowledge in Wikipedia text and Probase concept graph. We evaluate our concept embedding models on two tasks: 1) analogical reasoning, where we achieve a stateof-the-art performance of 91% on semantic analogies, 2) concept categorization, where we achieve a state-of-the-art performance on two benchmark datasets achieving categorization accuracy of 100% on one and 98% on the other. Additionally, we present a case study to evaluate our model on unsupervised argument type identification for neural semantic parsing. We demonstrate the competitive accuracy of our unsupervised method and its ability to better generalize to out of vocabulary entity mentions compared to the tedious and error prone methods which depend on gazetteers and regular expressions. In this paper, we use the terms "concept" and "entity" interchangeably. Hongxia Jin Samsung Research America 665 Clyde Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA Email: hongxia.jin@samsung.com 2 Walid Shalaby et al. Figure 1 Integrating knowledge from Wikipedia text (left) and Probase concept graph (right). Local concept-concept, concept-word, and word-word contexts are generated from both KBs and used for training the skip-gram model.