Modeling AI-Driven Production and Competitiveness A Multi-Agent Economic Simulation of China and the United States

MODELING AI-DRIVEN PRODUCTION AND COMPETITIVENESS: A MUL TI-AGENT ECONOMIC SIMULA TION OF CHINA AND THE UNITED ST A TES Y uxinyue Qian, Jun Liu Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications liujun@bupt.edu.cn ABSTRACT With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, socio-economic systems are entering a new stage of "human-AI co-creation." Building upon a previously established multi-level intelligent agent economic model, this paper conducts simulation-based comparisons of macroeconomic output evolution in China and the United States under different mechanisms--AI collaboration, network effects, and AI autonomous production. The results show that: (1) when AI functions as an independent productive entity, the overall growth rate of social output far exceeds that of traditional human-labor-based models; (2) China demonstrates clear potential for acceleration in both the expansion of intelligent agent populations and the pace of technological catch-up, offering the possibility of achieving technological convergence or even partial surpassing. This study provides a systematic, model-based analytical framework for understanding AI-driven production system transformation and shifts in international competitiveness, as well as quantitative insights for relevant policy formulation. Comparison 1. INTRODUCTION Since the beginning of the 21st century, the rapid evolution of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous intelligent agents (AI agents) has profoundly reshaped the operating mechanisms of socioeconomic systems. Overall, the United States maintains a significant lead in core model development and capital investment.