Cross-Domain Generalization of Multimodal LLMs for Global Photovoltaic Assessment

Table I summarizes the datasets used for training and evaluation. Both baseline models and the PV AL framework were fine-tuned on 2,000 annotated tiles from Santa Ana, CA. The large-scale evaluation set includes about 100,000 tiles from Tempe and Santa Ana, while 480 tiles per region were used for cross-domain generalization tests across diverse climates and geographies. B. Multimodal LLM Configuration Configuring the PV AL system for solar panel detection involves a multi-faceted approach that integrates prompt engineering, output standardization, and supervised fine-tuning. This configuration is critical for steering the foundational GPT -4o model towards the specific, high-precision task of geospatial analysis. Prompt Task Decomposition Identify the presence of solar panels in images of residential rooftops, and determine their locations and quantity within the images. You will be provided with images that may contain residential rooftop solar systems. Analyze each image to detect solar panels. Steps: 1. ** Image Analysis **: Examine the entire image to identify any objects that appear to be solar panels.