Artificial Delegates Resolve Fairness Issues in Perpetual Voting with Partial Turnout

Perpetual voting considers sequences of decis ions made by the same electorate, where fairness must be evaluated over time rather than perdecision [16]. A centralchallenge in this setting is ensuring adequaterepresentation for voters who are repeatedly in the minority. Traditional a ggregation rules, such as majority voting or Borda count, fail in this regard: they offer no guarantees of long-term fai rness or cumulative influence. In response, methods such as Perpetual Phragmén [17] and Perpetual Consensus [16] hav e been proposed to distribute influence more equitably over time. However, they rely on full knowledge of all voters ' approval sets, implicitly requiring consistent voter participation, a condition which can be hard to satisfy in real-world contexts. Real-world elections face various practical constraints-- including scheduling conflicts, limited resources, and restricted information access--that inevitably prevent vote rs from participating consistently.