[D] What's the simplest, most lightweight but complete and 100% open source MLOps toolkit?

I know this has been asked many times and in many different ways. And there are tons of blog posts, articles, videos and courses addressing this and comparing hundreds of tools, libraries, frameworks… And that's part of my problem: I am facing so many options that I feel like Buridan's ass, dying of starvation for not knowing what to do. Although I don't want to write too much, I need to speak a little about our situation, in order to put the question in our context. We have only four people, which could be qualified as beginner data scientists. One of us has a profile that is a little bit more "engineer", so data engineer could be more suitable for him.