How to teach computers to recognize dogs and cakes in images

Artificial intelligence is a very interesting topic that evokes a lot of emotions. This is due to the fact that the development of new technologies involves many opportunities and threats. Some artificial intelligence technologies have been around for a long time, but advances in computational power and numerical optimization routines, the availability of huge amounts of data, have led to great breakthroughs in this field. Artificial intelligence is widely used to provide personalized recommendations when shopping or simply searching for information on the web. More advanced inventions include autonomous self-driving cars -- which, in a simplified way, make decisions about the next movements of vehicles based on data collected from various types of sensors installed in them.