Where are the large pure-play enterprise AI companies?

When we consider earlier technology waves, there is often one company (or possibly two) that emerges as a leader and becomes synonymous with the technology. Mainframes became synonymous with IBM, virtualization spawned VMware, open source gave us Red Hat, web search was reinvigorated by Google, and social networks gave us Facebook and Twitter. We would argue that this has yet to happen with AI and machine learning (ML). AI – and its variants, notably machine learning – is an enabling technology. It enables computers to do things that weren't possible in earlier programming paradigms. With modern cloud computing, networking and storage, those things can be done at a scale unimaginable when the term'artificial intelligence' was first coined in the mid-1950s.