VQ-Seg: Vector-Quantized Token Perturbation for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

Consistency learning with feature perturbation is a widely used strategy in semisupervised medical image segmentation. However, many existing perturbation methods rely on dropout, and thus require a careful manual tuning of the dropout rate, which is a sensitive hyperparameter and often difficult to optimize and may lead to suboptimal regularization. To overcome this limitation, we propose VQ-Seg, the first approach to employ vector quantization (VQ) to discretize the feature space and introduce a novel and controllable Quantized Perturbation Module (QPM) that replaces dropout.