Centralized vs. Decentralized Security for Space AI Systems? A New Look

--This paper investigates the trade-off between centralized and decentralized security management in constellations of satellites to balance security and performance. We highlight three key AI architectures for automated security management: (a) centralized, (b) distributed and (c) federated. The centralized architecture is the best option short term, providing fast training, despite the hard challenge of the communication latency overhead across space. Decentralized architectures are better alternatives in the longer term, providing enhanced scalability and security. New Space is a new frontier where no AI nor Cloud had much gone before... Among many: a frenzy of initiatives on future large-scale infrastructures and non-terrestrial networks (e.g., launching multiple satellite constellations, space cloud computing) from multiple competing stakeholders; stringent constraints on communications; multiple new threats and significant momentum to develop automated security solutions using AI.