Managing FAIR Knowledge Graphs as Polyglot Data End Points: A Benchmark based on the rdf2pg Framework and Plant Biology Data

Linked data and labelled property graphs (LPG) are two data management approaches with complementary strengths and weaknesses, making their integration beneficial for sharing datasets and supporting software ecosystems. In thi s paper, we introduce rdf2pg, an extensible framework for mapping RDF data to semantically equivalent LPG formats and databases. Utilising this framework, we perform a comparative analysis of three popular graph databases - Virtuoso, Neo4j, and ArcadeDB - and the well - known graph query languages SPARQL, Cypher, and Gremlin. Our qualitative and quantitative assessments underline the strengths and limitations of these graph database technologies. Additionally, we highlight the potent ial of rdf2pg as a versatile tool for enabling polyglot access to knowledge graphs, aligning with established standards of linked data and the semantic web.