Audio Analytics-based Human Trafficking Detection Framework for Autonomous Vehicles

ABSTRACT Human trafficking is a universal problem, persistent despite numerous efforts to combat globally. Individuals of any age, race, ethnicity, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, nationality, immigration status, cultural background, religion, socio-economic class, and education can be a victim of human trafficking. With the advancements in technology and the introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs), human traffickers will adopt new ways to transport victims, which could accelerate the growth of organized human trafficking networks, whcih can make detection of trafficking in persons more challenging for law enforcement agencies. The objective of this study is to develop an innovative audio analytics-based human trafficking detection framework for autonomous vehicles. The primary contributions of this study are to: (i) define four non-trivial, feasible, and realistic human trafficking scenarios for AVs; (ii) create a new and comprehensive audio dataset related to human trafficking with five classes--i.e., crying, screaming, car door banging, car noise, and conversation; and (iii) develop a deep 1-D Convolution Neural Network (CNN) architecture for audio data classification related to human trafficking. We have also conducted a case study using the new audio dataset and evaluate the audio classification performance of the deep 1-D CNN. Our analyses reveal that the deep 1-D CNN can distinguish sound coming from a human trafficking victim from a non-human trafficking sound with an accuracy of 95%, which proves the efficacy of our framework. INTRODUCTION Human trafficking is a global epidemic. People of any age, gender identities, and ethnicities from all across the world are constantly under threat of being victim of human trafficking. According to the Department of Homeland Security, falsification or threat of force is used to acquire cheap labor or commercial sex acts in human trafficking (1).