Human-AI Interactions and Societal Pitfalls

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems, particularly large language models (LLMs), have improved at a rapid pace. For example, ChatGPT recently showcased its advanced capacity to perform complex tasks and human-like behaviors (OpenAI 2023b), reaching 100 million users within two months of its 2022 launch (Hu 2023). This progress is not limited to text generation, as demonstrated by other recent generative AI systems such as Midjourney (Midjourney 2023) (a text-to-image generative AI) and GitHub Copilot (Github 2023) (an AI pair programmer that can autocomplete code). Eloundou et al. (2023) estimated that about 80% of the U.S. workforce could be affected by the introduction of LLMs, and 19% of the workers may have at least 50% of their tasks impacted. In particular, AI can make users more productive by generating complex content in seconds, while users can simply communicate their preferences. For example, Noy and Zhang (2023) highlighted that ChatGPT can substantially improve productivity in writing tasks, and GitHub claims that Copilot increases developer productivity by up to 55% (Kalliamvakou 2023). However, content generated with the help of AI is not exactly the same as content generated without AI. The boost in productivity may come at the expense of users' idiosyncrasies, such as personal style and tastes, preferences we would naturally express without AI. To let users express their preferences, many AI systems let users edit their prompt (e.g., Midjourney) or allow more