Evaluation of the Automated Labeling Method for Taxonomic Nomenclature Through Prompt-Optimized Large Language Model

-- Scientific names of organisms consist of a genus name and a species epithet, with the latter often reflecting aspects such as morphology, ecology, distribution, and cultural background. Traditionally, researchers have manually labeled species names by care fully examining taxonomic descriptions, a process that demands substantial time and effort when dealing with large datasets. This study evaluates the feasibility of automatic species name labeling using large language model (LLM) by leveraging the ir text classification and semantic extraction capabilities. Using the spider name dataset compiled by Mammola et al., we compared LLM - based labeling results -- enhanced through prompt engineering -- with human annotations. The results indicate that LLM - based classification achieved high accuracy in Morphology, Geography, and People categories. However, classification accuracy was lower in Ecology & Behavior and Modern & Past Culture, revealing challenges in interpreting animal behavior and cultural contexts. Fut ure research will focus on improving accuracy through optimized few - shot learning and retrieval - augmented generation techniques, while also expanding the applicability of LLM - based labeling to diverse biological taxa. Humans have long sought to construct systematic classification methods to understand the complexity of natural phenomena and objects. These efforts serve as a foundation for uncovering patterns and interrelationships in nature, facilitating the accumulation of scientific knowledge.