RadioMamba: Breaking the Accuracy-Efficiency Trade-off in Radio Map Construction via a Hybrid Mamba-UNet

--Radio map (RM) has recently attracted much attention since it can provide real-time and accurate spatial channel information for 6G services and applications. However, current deep learning-based methods for RM construction exhibit well known accuracy-efficiency trade-off. In this paper, we introduce RadioMamba, a hybrid Mamba-UNet architecture for RM construction to address the trade-off. Generally, accurate RM construction requires modeling long-range spatial dependencies, reflecting the global nature of wave propagation physics. This hybrid design generates feature representations that capture both global context and local detail. Experiments show that RadioMamba achieves higher accuracy than existing methods, including diffusion models, while operating nearly 20 times faster and using only 2.9% of the model parameters. By improving both accuracy and efficiency, RadioMamba presents a viable approach for real-time intelligent optimization in next generation wireless systems. The continuous advancement towards sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks is enabling a future with the internet of things (IoT), autonomous systems, and immersive cyber-physical experiences [1], [2]. A key component of this evolution is the network digital twin (NDT) [4], [5], a high-fidelity virtual replica of the physical network environment that enables simulation, prediction, and optimization in real-time [6]-[8]. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFB2907500). Honggang Jia, Nan Cheng, Xiucheng Wang, Conghao Zhou, Ruijin Sun are with the State Key Laboratory of ISN and School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China (e-mail: ji-ahg@stu.xidian.edu.cn; Nan Cheng is the corresponding author . Xuemin (Sherman) Shen is with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada (e-mail: sshen@uwaterloo.ca).