Notes on neighborhood semantics for logics of unknown truths and false beliefs

Fan, Jie

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence 

This paper studies logics of unknown truths and false beliefs under neighborhood semantics. Intuitively, if p is true but you do not know that p, then you have an unknown truth that p; if p is false but you believe thatp, then you have a false belief thatp, or you are wrong aboutp. The notion of unknown truths is important in philosophy and formal epistemology. For instance, it is related to Verificationism, or'verification thesis' [31]. Verificationism says that all truths can be known. However, from the thesis, the unknown truth of p, formalized p Kp, gives us a consequence that all truths are actually known. In other words, the notion gives rise to a well-known counterexample to Verificationism. This is the so-called Fitch's'paradox of knowability' [13]. 1 To take another example: it gives rise to an important type of Moore sentences, which is essential to Moore's paradox, which says that one cannot claim the paradoxical sentence "p but I do not know it" [23, 18]. It is known that such a Moore sentence is unsuccessful and self-refuting (see, e.g.

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