Deep Sequence-to-Sequence Models for GNSS Spoofing Detection

Abstract--We present a data generation framework designed to simulate spoofing attacks and randomly place attack scenarios worldwide. We apply deep neural network-based models for spoofing detection, utilizing Long Short-T erm Memory networks and Transformer-inspired architectures. These models are specifically designed for online detection and are trained using the generated dataset. Our results demonstrate that deep learning models can accurately distinguish spoofed signals from genuine ones, achieving high detection performance. The best results are achieved by Transformer-inspired architectures with early fusion of the inputs resulting in an error rate of 0.16%. Unencrypted civilian global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals are vulnerable to spoofing attacks, which pose a significant threat.