Content provided by IBM with Insider Studios. In the summer of 1956, 10 scientists and mathematicians gathered at New Hampshire's Dartmouth College to brainstorm a new concept Assistant Professor John McCarthy called "artificial intelligence." According to the original proposal for the research project, McCarthy--along with fellow organizers from Harvard, Bell Labs and IBM--wanted to explore the idea of programming machines to use language and solve problems for humans while improving over time. It would be years before these lofty objectives were met, but the summer workshop is credited with launching the field of artificial intelligence (AI). Sixty years later, cognitive scientists, data analysts, UX designers and countless others are doing everything those pioneering scientists hoped for--and more.

We introduce the task of acoustic question answering (AQA) in the area of acoustic reasoning. In this task an agent learns to answer questions on the basis of acoustic context. In order to promote research in this area, we propose a data generation paradigm adapted from CLEVR (Johnson et al. 2017). We generate acoustic scenes by leveraging a bank elementary sounds. We also provide a number of functional programs that can be used to compose questions and answers that exploit the relationships between the attributes of the elementary sounds in each scene. We provide AQA datasets of various sizes as well as the data generation code. As a preliminary experiment to validate our data, we report the accuracy of current state of the art visual question answering models when they are applied to the AQA task without modifications. Although there is a plethora of question answering tasks based on text, image or video data, to our knowledge, we are the first to propose answering questions directly on audio streams. We hope this contribution will facilitate the development of research in the area.

Computers aren't going to replace creative pros -- but machine learning and artificial intelligence can be powerful tools in the storytelling process. The 60-second spot was directed by Oscar-winner Kevin Macdonald, working from a script that was developed by IBM's Watson AI system. To produce the spot for the Lexus ES executive sedan launching in Europe, the automaker enlisted its creative agency, The&Partnership London, along with technical partner Visual Voice. The agencies collaborated with the IBM Watson team to use AI to analyze 15 years' worth of footage, text and audio for car and luxury brand campaigns that have won Cannes Lions awards for creativity, as well as a range of other external data. Watson identified elements common to award-worthy commercials that were "both emotionally intelligent and entertaining," according to IBM.

The elite team of engineers and medical specialists assembled by IBM's Watson Health division had the innocuous code name "Project Josephine," but its mission could not have been more urgent: to fix the artificial intelligence software at the core of the company's campaign to tackle the $7 trillion global health care market. The predicament faced by IBM officials, STAT has found, was that it could not get its software to reliably understand and analyze language in patient medical records. That was critical for the company to deliver on multimillion-dollar contracts with hospitals and drug companies. Unlock this article by subscribing to STAT Plus and enjoy your first 30 days free! STAT Plus is a premium subscription that delivers daily market-moving biopharma coverage and in-depth science reporting from a team with decades of industry experience.

Despite the great success of word embedding, sentence embedding remains a not-well-solved problem. In this paper, we present a supervised learning framework to exploit sentence embedding for the medical question answering task. The learning framework consists of two main parts: 1) a sentence embedding producing module, and 2) a scoring module. The former is developed with contextual self-attention and multi-scale techniques to encode a sentence into an embedding tensor. This module is shortly called Contextual self-Attention Multi-scale Sentence Embedding (CAMSE). The latter employs two scoring strategies: Semantic Matching Scoring (SMS) and Semantic Association Scoring (SAS). SMS measures similarity while SAS captures association between sentence pairs: a medical question concatenated with a candidate choice, and a piece of corresponding supportive evidence. The proposed framework is examined by two Medical Question Answering(MedicalQA) datasets which are collected from real-world applications: medical exam and clinical diagnosis based on electronic medical records (EMR). The comparison results show that our proposed framework achieved significant improvements compared to competitive baseline approaches. Additionally, a series of controlled experiments are also conducted to illustrate that the multi-scale strategy and the contextual self-attention layer play important roles for producing effective sentence embedding, and the two kinds of scoring strategies are highly complementary to each other for question answering problems.

In this paper, we conduct an empirical investigation of neural query graph ranking approaches for the task of complex question answering over knowledge graphs. We experiment with six different ranking models and propose a novel self-attention based slot matching model which exploits the inherent structure of query graphs, our logical form of choice. Our proposed model generally outperforms the other models on two QA datasets over the DBpedia knowledge graph, evaluated in different settings. In addition, we show that transfer learning from the larger of those QA datasets to the smaller dataset yields substantial improvements, effectively offsetting the general lack of training data.

When answering a question, people often draw upon their rich world knowledge in addition to some task-specific context. Recent work has focused primarily on answering questions based on some relevant document or content, and required very little general background. To investigate question answering with prior knowledge, we present CommonsenseQA: a difficult new dataset for commonsense question answering. To capture common sense beyond associations, each question discriminates between three target concepts that all share the same relationship to a single source drawn from ConceptNet (Speer et al., 2017). This constraint encourages crowd workers to author multiple-choice questions with complex semantics, in which all candidates relate to the subject in a similar way. We create 9,500 questions through this procedure and demonstrate the dataset's difficulty with a large number of strong baselines. Our best baseline, the OpenAI GPT (Radford et al., 2018), obtains 54.8% accuracy, well below human performance, which is 95.3%.

Question answering (QA) has achieved promising progress recently. However, answering a question in real-world scenarios like the medical domain is still challenging, due to the requirement of external knowledge and the insufficient of high-quality training data. In the light of these challenges, we study the task of generating medical QA pairs in this paper. With the insight that each medical question can be considered as a sample from the latent distribution conditioned on the corresponding answer, we propose an automated medical QA pair generation framework, consisting of an unsupervised key phrase detector that explores unstructured material for validity, and a generator that involves multi-pass decoder to integrate with structural knowledge for diversity. Series of experiments have been conducted on a real-world dataset collected from the National Medical Licensing Examination of China. Both automatic evaluation and human annotation demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Further investigation shows that, by incorporating the generated QA pairs for training, significant improvement in terms of accuracy can be achieved for the examination QA system.

Abstract-- MAC Net [3] is a compositional attention network designed for Visual Question Answering. We propose a modified MAC net architecture for Natural Language Question Answering. Question Answering typically requires Language Understanding and multi-step Reasoning. This makes it an ideal candidate for solving tasks that involve logical reasoning. Our experiments with 20 bAbI tasks, demonstrate the value of MAC net as a data-efficient and interpretable architecture for Natural Language Question Answering. The transparent nature of MAC net provides a highly granular view of the reasoning steps taken by the network in answering a query. There is a growing interest in the Machine Learning community to build explainable Artificial Intelligence.

In my experience as a C-level executive and long-time AI professional, I've learned that people who want to utilize artificial Intelligence find getting started to be the most difficult part. Even the more confident practitioners could easily become intimidated by the array and complexity of tools to navigate. But this problem is now a thing of the past. With IBM Watson Studio, you and your project can now hit the ground running. IBM Watson Studio's integrated environment makes AI significantly easier, by allowing users to quickly and easily build visually appealing projects and models. I don't have the luxury to get bogged down in inefficient and slow processes.