As a type of figurative language, an East Asian idiom condenses rich cultural background into only a few characters. Translating such idioms is challenging for human translators, who often resort to choosing a context-aware translation from an existing list of candidates. However, compiling a dictionary of candidate translations demands much time and creativity even for expert translators. To alleviate such burden, we evaluate if GPT-4 can help generate high-quality translations. Based on automatic evaluations of faithfulness and creativity, we first identify Pareto-optimal prompting strategies that can outperform translation engines from Google and DeepL. Then, at a low cost, our context-aware translations can achieve far more high-quality translations per idiom than the human baseline. We open-source all code and data to facilitate further research.

Chrysanthemum is one of the most popular flower in The establishment of seedling quality classification standards the world(Spaargaren and van Geest (2018)). With the advancement aims to ensure that the growth and yield of crops, of modern medical and chemical technology, horticultural plants, and forestry trees meet expected levels, researchers have found that edible chrysanthemum is rich thereby promoting the sustainable development of agriculture, in functional health ingredients(Jingyun, Baiyi and Baojun horticulture, and forestry(Sutton (1980)).These standards (2021)), such as a variety of vitamins, minerals and amino not only ensure production quality and increase yield acids, chlorogenic acid, quercetin and baicalin, etc(Rop, Mlcek and quality but also enhance plant resistance to pests and and Jurikova (2012)). The beneficial effects of Chrysanthemum diseases, promote varietal improvement, reduce production are primarily attributed to its phenolic bioactive risks, regulate market order, and facilitate international compounds, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids(Tian, trade(Novikov, Sokolov, Drapalyuk, Zelikov and Ivetić Li, Li, Zhi, Li, Tang, Yang, Yin and Ming (2018)). These (2019)).Overall, the implementation of seedling quality classification compounds are believed to possess antibacterial, antiviral, standards helps optimize production, protect the anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, as well as free environment, and improve economic benefits, thereby laying radical scavenging capabilities. They contribute to cardiovascular a solid foundation for the sustainable development of agriculture protection, prevention of coronary heart disease, and related industries.

These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors. Abstract: Tea chrysanthemum detection at its flowering stage is one of the key components for selective chrysanthemum harvesting robot development. However, it is a challenge to detect flowering chrysanthemums under unstructured field environments given the variations on illumination, occlusion and object scale. In this context, we propose a highly fused and lightweight deep learning architecture based on YOLO for tea chrysanthemum detection (TC-YOLO). First, in the backbone component and neck component, the method uses the Cross-Stage Partially Dense Network (CSPDenseNet) as the main network, and embeds custom feature fusion modules to guide the gradient flow. In the final head component, the method combines the recursive feature pyramid (RFP) multiscale fusion reflow structure and the Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pool (ASPP) module with cavity convolution to achieve the detection task. The resulting model was tested on 300 field images, showing that under the NVIDIA Tesla P100 GPU environment, if the inference speed is 47.23 FPS for each image (416 416), TC-YOLO can achieve the average precision (AP) of 92.49% on our own tea chrysanthemum dataset. In addition, this method (13.6M) can be deployed on a single mobile GPU, and it could be further developed as a perception system for a selective chrysanthemum harvesting robot in the future. Keywords: Tea chrysanthemum; Flowering stage detection; Deep convolutional neural network; Agricultural robotics 1. Introduction Current studies show that tea chrysanthemums have significant commercial value (Liu et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2019). Not only that, but tea chrysanthemums can offer a range of health benefits (Hou et al., 2017; Yue et al., 2018). For example, they can significantly inhibit the activity of carcinogens and have distinct anti-aging, cholagogic and antihypertensive effects (Zheng et al., 2021).