In his wonderful book, Is That a Fish in Your Ear?, the Princeton linguist and translator David Bellos notes the link between early machine translation pioneers and modern philosophers of language--that hopeless pursuit to discover "the purely hypothetical language which all people really speak in the great basement of their souls." When I spoke to Bellos about Google, he stressed that Google's achievements doesn't make Google Translate akin to how human translation actually works. Though a translation is what you get, translation isn't really what Google Translate does. "It's like the difference between engineering and knowledge," says Bellos. "An engineering solution is to make something work, but the way you make it work doesn't necessarily have anything to do with the underlying things. Airplanes do not work the way birds fly."

During a recent product demonstration at SRI headquarters in Menlo Park, computer scientist Harry Bratt spoke into the microphone of his lab's new translation computer: "Did you hear the explosion this morning?" The recording demonstrates how the computer translates English into the Iraqi dialect of Arabic. Also, CNET reviews video cams and David Einstein has advise on digital cameras.] Several seconds later, software written by SRI International scientists piped the question through the computer's speaker -- this time in the Iraqi dialect of Arabic. Saad Alabbodi, an Iraqi immigrant posing as a civilian being questioned by a U.S. soldier, answered in his native tongue. There was another pause as the computer translated Alabbodi's reply into English in a mock interrogation that provided another example of how technology is slowly mimicking complex human capabilities such as speech.

There are several seemingly reasonable problems that are exciting and challenging, and yet are currently unsolvable. Solutions to these problems will require major new insights and fundamental advances in computer science and artificial intelligence. Such problems include: World Champion Chess machine, Translating Telephone, Discovery of a major mathematical result by a computer, and so on. Here I will present two such grand challenges which if successful can be expected have major impact on society: Self-Organizing Systems that learn from examples and observations and Self-Replicating Systems that can make copies of themselves.

It's hard for a military to win hearts and minds if none of its members speak the local language. Humans who grew up speaking a language and joined the military are the best solution, followed closely by interpreters recruited locally. For this reason, the military wants a technology that can work as an interpreter in real time--a universal translator, if you will. Last week, the Air Force Research Laboratory put out a solicitation for such a device. Their solicitation says they want to conduct research and development in automatic speech recognition, machine translation, natural language processing, information extraction, information retrieval, text-to-speech synthesis, as well as other speech and language processing technologies.

Researchers at the University of Amsterdam are using neural networks to help a statistical machine translation systems learn what all human translators know--that the best translation of a word often depends on the context. Such tools are increasingly important as individuals and businesses seek to access information or buy products and services from other countries where different languages are spoken. Statistical machine translation work by breaking sentences into phrase fragments and selecting the most likely translation for each fragment--a process that doesn't always yield the best translation for the sentence as a whole in morphologically rich languages such as those where nouns are inflected for number, case and gender. To improve the word selection of such systems when translating into morphologically rich languages such as Russian, Bulgarian and German, the team used a neural network to analyze the words in context in the source language. Translating sentences into grammatically more complex languages is relatively easy for human translators because they understand the grammatical function of the word in a sentence.

Facebook is acquiring a company that specializes in speech interpretation and translation software. The move, disclosed Monday, could help Facebook better connect its users across the globe. The deal to acquire Mobile Technologies was announced in a blog post by Facebook product management director Tom Stocky. Terms of the acquisition were not disclosed. "We believe this acquisition is an investment in our long-term product roadmap," he said.

In 2001, Google started providing a service that could translate eight languages to and from English. It used what was then state-of-the-art commercial machine translation (MT), but the translation quality wasn't very good, and it didn't improve much in those first few years. In 2003, a few Google engineers decided to ramp up the translation quality and tackle more languages. That's when I got involved. I was working as a researcher on DARPA projects looking at a new approach to machine translation--learning from data--which held the promise of much better translation quality.

Translation software that develops an understanding of languages by scanning through thousands of previously translated documents has been released by US researchers. Most existing translation software uses hand-coded rules for transposing words and phrases. But the new software, developed by Kevin Knight and Daniel Marcu at the Information Sciences Institute, part of the University of Southern California, US, takes a statistical approach, building probabilistic rules about words, phrases and syntactic structures. The pair founded a company called Language Weaver in Los Angeles, US, to sell the software as an automated translation tool. They already offer technology that can translate to or from English with four languages – Arabic, Chinese, French and Spanish.

Technology has brought us all closer together, and thanks to the Internet, we can communicate with loved ones on a daily basis, even if they are across the world. In an effort to bring people even closer and break language barriers Google announced that its Gmail service will soon include an "automatic translation" feature for all users. "The next time you receive a message in a language other than your own, just click on Translate message in the header at the top of the message," wrote the company in a blog post. "It will be instantly translated into your language." The feature will roll out over the next few days.

HURSLEY, UK--(Marketwire - September 13, 2007) - IBM (NYSE: IBM) has developed an ingenious system called SiSi (Say It Sign It) that automatically converts the spoken word into British Sign Language (BSL) which is then signed by an animated digital character or avatar. SiSi brings together a number of computer technologies. A speech recognition module converts the spoken word into text, which SiSi then interprets into gestures, that are used to animate an avatar which signs in BSL. Upon development this system would see a signing avatar'pop up' in the corner of the display screen in use -- whether that be a laptop, personal computer, TV, meeting-room display or auditorium screen. Users would be able select the size and appearance of the avatar.