Where are the Opportunities for Machine Learning Startups?

Machine Learning and AI are fast becoming ubiquitous in data driven businesses, that is to say, an awful lot of businesses. Here I choose a few areas where it's possible that big corporations haven't already eaten everybody's lunch. It's not uncharted territory -- if I could think of the next killer application, I'd be trying to do it! So-called after the California Gold Rush where the purveyors of picks and shovels made a killing (whereas the outcome for prospectors was mixed), the picks and shovels of machine intelligence are hardware, data feeds,and (arguably) the algorithms themselves. But these processors were designed for graphics.