2023 data, ML and AI landscape: ChatGPT, generative AI and more

We (finally) killed the Hadoop box to reflect the gradual disappearance of the OG Big Data technology – the end of an era! We decided to keep it one last time in the MAD 2021 landscape to reflect the existing footprint. Hadoop is actually not dead, and parts of the Hadoop ecosystem are still being actively used. But it has declined enough that we decided to merge the various vendors and products supporting Hadoop into Data Lakes (and kept Hadoop and other related projects in our open source category). Speaking of data lakes, we rebranded that box to "Data Lakes/Lakehouses" to reflect the lakehouse trend (which we had discussed in the 2021 MAD landscape) In the ever-evolving world of databases, we created three new subcategories: GPU-accelerated Databases: Used for streaming data and real-time machine learning.