We develop a method for comparing hierarchical image representations in terms of their ability to explain perceptual sensitivity in humans. Specifically, we utilize Fisher information to establish a model-derived prediction of sensitivity to local perturbations of an image. For a given image, we compute the eigenvectors of the Fisher information matrix with largest and smallest eigenvalues, corresponding to the model-predicted most-and least-noticeable image distortions, respectively. For human subjects, we then measure the amount of each distortion that can be reliably detected when added to the image. We use this method to test the ability of a variety of representations to mimic human perceptual sensitivity. We find that the early layers of VGG16, a deep neural network optimized for object recognition, provide a better match to human perception than later layers, and a better match than a 4-stage convolutional neural network (CNN) trained on a database of human ratings of distorted image quality. On the other hand, we find that simple models of early visual processing, incorporating one or more stages of local gain control, trained on the same database of distortion ratings, provide substantially better predictions of human sensitivity than either the CNN, or any combination of layers of VGG16.

Recognizing facial action units (AUs) from spontaneous facial expressions is still a challenging problem. Most recently, CNNs have shown promise on facial AU recognition. However, the learned CNNs are often overfitted and do not generalize well to unseen subjects due to limited AU-coded training images. We proposed a novel Incremental Boosting CNN (IB-CNN) to integrate boosting into the CNN via an incremental boosting layer that selects discriminative neurons from the lower layer and is incrementally updated on successive mini-batches. In addition, a novel loss function that accounts for errors from both the incremental boosted classifier and individual weak classifiers was proposed to fine-tune the IB-CNN. Experimental results on four benchmark AU databases have demonstrated that the IB-CNN yields significant improvement over the traditional CNN and the boosting CNN without incremental learning, as well as outperforming the state-of-the-art CNN-based methods in AU recognition. The improvement is more impressive for the AUs that have the lowest frequencies in the databases.

Customer conversations with chatbots can include contact information and personal details that make it easier for scammers to launch phishing attacks and commit fraud.

Among potential attacks against FR systems [Galbally et al., 2014, Biggio et al., 2015, Hadid et al., 2015, Mai et al., 2018, Marcel et al., 2023], the template inversion (TI) attack significantly jeopardizes the users' privacy. In a TI attack, the adversary gains access to templates stored in the FR system's database and aims

Autoregressive sampling is used to create a traffic snapshot. We train a scenario generation model TrafficGen with mixed data. The detailed hyperparameters are shown in Table 4. Figure 7: Dynamics of the generated traffic scenarios. The first column is the original case. The middle columns show the generated scenarios at different timesteps.

Please see the most updated version here . Was there a specific task in mind? Was there a specific gap that needed to be filled? The MOTI VE dataset was created to promote the development of new drug-target interaction (DTI) prediction models based on both, existing relationships between compounds and their protein targets, and the similarity of JUMP Cell Painting morphological features of perturbed cells [2].The MOTI VE dataset was created with the DTI task in mind, and addresses a lack of graph-based biological datasets with empirical node features. Who created this dataset (e.g., which team, research group) and on behalf of which entity (e.g., company, institution, organization)? This dataset was created by the Carpenter-Singh Lab in the Imaging Platform at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts. What support was needed to make this dataset? If there is an associated grant, provide the name of the grantor and the grant name and number, or if it was supported by a company or government agency, give those details.) The authors gratefully acknowledge an internship from the Massachusetts Life Sciences Center (to ES).

The development of deep learning approaches for modeling these multifactorial effects of GVs is still in its nascent stages, primarily due to the lack of comprehensive datasets that capture the intricate relationships between GVs and their downstream effects on complex traits.

However, some critical aspects of it, such as the relationship between superconductivity and materials' chemical/structural features, still need to be understood. Recent successes of data-driven approaches in material science strongly inspire researchers to study this relationship with them, but a corresponding dataset is still lacking.