What is Artificial Intelligence and How does it work?

Artificial Intelligence or AI is an interdisciplinary science that is concerned with the advancements in machine learning and deep learning that will help build smart machines capable of performing tasks that would typically require human intelligence. The term artificial intelligence was first coined in the 1960s when a group of scientists and mathematicians met at Dartmouth College to discuss the idea of a computer that could think on its own. While science fiction movies, television shows, and novels have made us believe that AI is sentient robots, however, in actuality artificial intelligence refers to the development of algorithms and learning systems that are based on a simple principle that human intelligence can be defined in a way that a machine can easily mimic and execute the task on the basis of it. Many believe that AI systems will soon exceed the capacity of humans to learn or reason because of the pace at which artificial research and development are taking place. These systems were task-specific and had no memory.