An "Unbiased" Guide to Bias in AI

Whenever there is any mention of ethics in the context of AI, the topic of bias & fairness often follows. Similarly, whenever there is any mention of training and testing machine learning models, the trade-off between bias & variance features heavily. But do these two mentions of bias refer to the same thing? In order for machines to learn these patterns, especially in "supervised learning", they go through a training process whereby an algorithm extracts patterns from a training dataset, typically in an iterative manner. It then tests its predictions on an unseen (out-of-sample) test dataset to validate if the patterns it had learnt from the training dataset are valid. Bias: The action of supporting or opposing a particular person or thing in an unfair way, because of allowing personal opinions to influence your judgment.