Artificial

Of the twenty chapters in the first published book on AI, the 1963 Computers and Thought anthology by Feigenbaum and Feldman, six had been previously published as Rand research reports (Armer, 1962; Feigenbaum, 1961; Newell, Shaw & Simon, 1957, 1958; Newell & Simon, 1961a; Tonge, 1959). Much of this early work in AI was the result of the collaboration of two Rand employees, Allen Newell and Cliff Shaw, and a Rand consultant, Herbert Simon of the Carnegie Institute of Technology (later to become Carnegie-Mellon University). Beginning in the mid-1950s Newell, Shaw, and Simon's research on the logic theory machine, their chess playing program, and the general problem solver (GPS) defined much of the AIrelated research during the first decade of AI. Their work encompassed research areas that are still prominent subfields of artificial intelligence: symbolic processing, heuristic search, problem solving, planning, learning, theorem proving, knowledge representation, and cognitive modeling. It is important to note that this surge of AI activity at Rand did not take place in isolation.