Thinking About A.I. with Stanisław Lem

"We are going to speak of the future," the Polish writer Stanisław Lem wrote, in "Summa Technologiae," from 1964, a series of essays, mostly on humanity and the evolution of technology. "Yet isn't discoursing about future events a rather inappropriate occupation for those who are lost in the transience of the here and now?" Lem, who died in 2006 at the age of eighty-four, is likely the most widely read writer of science fiction who is not particularly widely read in the United States. His work has been translated into more than forty languages, many millions of copies of his books have been printed, and yet, if I polled a hundred friends, 2.3 of them would know who he was. His best-known work in the U.S. is the 1961 novel "Solaris," and its renown stems mostly from the moody film adaptation by Andrei Tarkovsky. Among Lem's fictional imaginings are a phantomatic generator (a machine that gives its user an extraordinarily vivid vision of an alternate reality), an opton (an electronic device on which one can read books), and a network of computers that contains information on most everything that is known and from which people have a difficult time separating themselves.