Probability Logic

This chapter presents probability logic as a rationality framework for human reasoning under uncertainty. Selected formal-normative aspects of probability logic are discussed in the light of experimental evidence. Specifically, probability logic is characterized as a generalization of bivalent truth-functional propositional logic ( short "logic"), as being connexive, and as being nonmonotonic. The chapter discusses selected argument forms and associated uncertainty propagation rules. Probability logic is a generalization of logicProbability logic as a rationality framework combines probabilistic reasoning with logical rule-based reasoning and studies formal properties of uncertain argument forms. Among various approaches to probability logic ( for overviews see, e.g., Hailperin, 1996; Adams, 1975, 1998; Coletti and Scozzafava, 2002; Haenni, Romeijn, Wheeler, and Williamson, 2011; Demey, Kooi, and Sack, 2017), this chapter reviews selected formal-normative aspects of probability logic in the light of experimental evidence. The focus is on probability logic as a generalization of the classical propositional calculus ( short: logic; for probabilistic generalizations of quantified statements see, e.g., Hailperin, 2011; Pfeifer & Sanfilippo, 2017, 2019).