On Learning from Ghost Imaging without Imaging

Ghost imaging was first observed with entangled photon pairs and viewed as a quantum phenomenon [1]. It acquires object information through the correlation calculations of the lightintensity fluctuations of two beams: object and reference [2, 3]. The object beam passes through the object and is detected using a single-pixel detector, and the reference beam does not interact with the object and is recorded using a multi-pixel detector with spatial resolution. It was experimentally demonstrated that ghost imaging can be achieved using only a single detector [4]. Computational ghost imaging is an imaging technique with which an object is imaged from light collected using a single-pixel detector with no spatial resolution [5, 6]. By replacing reference-beam measurements, it only requires a single-pixel detector, which simplifies the experiments in comparison to traditional two-detector ghost imaging. Using the signals and illumination pattern enables us to computationally reconstruct cell images. Let T (x, y) be a transmission function of an object. An object is illuminated by a speckle field generated by passing a laser beam through an optical diffuser, which is a material that diffuses light to transmit light.