Drones
DJI Mic Mini Review: Tiny Wireless Microphones
You've probably seen your favorite TikTokker or YouTuber wearing a DJI Mic on their shirt. Just a few years ago, those would have been the square-shaped Rode wireless mics, but drone-maker DJI and its oblong mics have taken the creator world by storm (at least, according to my feeds). The original was succeeded by the improved DJI Mic 2. And now these microphones may have an even more outsized influence with the introduction of the affordable (and tiny) DJI Mic Mini. At 169, the Mic Mini is roughly half the price of its bigger brothers, yet it packs nearly the same great microphone quality and ease of use. It's a no-brainer for anyone wading into the world of video creation wanting to avoid pesky wires, and since it works with smartphones and professional cameras, it's pretty versatile.
Monocular Obstacle Avoidance Based on Inverse PPO for Fixed-wing UAVs
Chai, Haochen, Su, Meimei, Lyu, Yang, Liu, Zhunga, Zhao, Chunhui, Pan, Quan
Fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are one of the most commonly used platforms for the burgeoning Low-altitude Economy (LAE) and Urban Air Mobility (UAM), due to their long endurance and high-speed capabilities. Classical obstacle avoidance systems, which rely on prior maps or sophisticated sensors, face limitations in unknown low-altitude environments and small UAV platforms. In response, this paper proposes a lightweight deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based UAV collision avoidance system that enables a fixed-wing UAV to avoid unknown obstacles at cruise speed over 30m/s, with only onboard visual sensors. The proposed system employs a single-frame image depth inference module with a streamlined network architecture to ensure real-time obstacle detection, optimized for edge computing devices. After that, a reinforcement learning controller with a novel reward function is designed to balance the target approach and flight trajectory smoothness, satisfying the specific dynamic constraints and stability requirements of a fixed-wing UAV platform. An adaptive entropy adjustment mechanism is introduced to mitigate the exploration-exploitation trade-off inherent in DRL, improving training convergence and obstacle avoidance success rates. Extensive software-in-the-loop and hardware-in-the-loop experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms other methods in obstacle avoidance efficiency and flight trajectory smoothness and confirm the feasibility of implementing the algorithm on edge devices. The source code is publicly available at \url{https://github.com/ch9397/FixedWing-MonoPPO}.
Dynamic Trajectory Adaptation for Efficient UAV Inspections of Wind Energy Units
Svystun, Serhii, Melnychenko, Oleksandr, Radiuk, Pavlo, Savenko, Oleg, Sachenko, Anatoliy, Lysyi, Andrii
The research presents an automated method for determining the trajectory of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for wind turbine inspection. The proposed method enables efficient data collection from multiple wind installations using UAV optical sensors, considering the spatial positioning of blades and other components of the wind energy installation. It includes component segmentation of the wind energy unit (WEU), determination of the blade pitch angle, and generation of optimal flight trajectories, considering safe distances and optimal viewing angles. The results of computational experiments have demonstrated the advantage of the proposed method in monitoring WEU, achieving a 78% reduction in inspection time, a 17% decrease in total trajectory length, and a 6% increase in average blade surface coverage compared to traditional methods. Furthermore, the process minimizes the average deviation from the optimal trajectory by 68%, indicating its high accuracy and ability to compensate for external influences.
Resonant Inductive Coupling Power Transfer for Mid-Sized Inspection Robot
Hassan, Mohd Norhakim Bin, Watson, Simon, Zhang, Cheng
This paper presents a wireless power transfer (WPT) for a mid-sized inspection mobile robot. The objective is to transmit 100 W of power over 1 meter of distance, achieved through lightweight Litz wire coils weighing 320 g held together with a coil structure of 3.54 kg. The Wireless Power Transfer System (WPTS) is mounted onto an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV). The study addresses an investigation of coil design, accounting for misalignment and tolerance issues in resonance-coupled coils. In experimental validation, the system effectively transmits 109.7 W of power over a 1-meter distance, with obstacles present. This achievement yields a system efficiency of 47.14%, a value that is remarkably close to the maximum power transfer point (50%) when the WPTS utilises the full voltage allowance of the capacitor. The paper shows the WPTS charging speed of 5 minutes for 12 V, 0.8 Ah lead acid batteries.
Russia-Ukraine war: List of key events, day 1,005
Russia's air defence systems destroyed seven Ukrainian missiles overnight over the Kursk region, Kursk regional governor Alexei Smirnov wrote on his Telegram channel. Falling debris from destroyed Ukrainian drones sparked a fire at an industrial facility in Russia's Kaluga, according to regional governor Vladislav Shapsha. He said there were no injuries and that three drones were destroyed. Russian forces captured a British mercenary, who identified himself as James Scott Rhys, who is fighting with the Ukrainian army in Russia's Kursk region, a security source told Russia's RIA Novosti state news agency. Air defences were in operation in Kyiv in response to a new Russian drone attack, Mayor Vitali Klitschko said on Telegram.
Drone footage shows huge fire engulfing Manila shanty town
Huge flames can be seen engulfing a closely-built shanty community in the port area of Manila, in drone footage released by the city's disaster management office. Hundreds of residents have been left without homes, after around 1,000 houses were destroyed in the blaze on Sunday, Manila Fire District said. Dozens of fire engines and fire boats were deployed to tackle the blaze, and the Philippine Air Force sent two helicopters which scooped up up water from Manila Bay to help extinguish the fire. Emergency services have reported no casualties so far, and are yet to identify the cause. The incident comes months after 11 people died in residential fire in the Chinatown district of the Philippine capital.
Autonomous Tail-Sitter Flights in Unknown Environments
Lu, Guozheng, Ren, Yunfan, Zhu, Fangcheng, Li, Haotian, Xue, Ruize, Cai, Yixi, Lyu, Ximin, Zhang, Fu
Trajectory generation for fully autonomous flights of tail-sitter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) presents substantial challenges due to their highly nonlinear aerodynamics. In this paper, we introduce, to the best of our knowledge, the world's first fully autonomous tail-sitter UAV capable of high-speed navigation in unknown, cluttered environments. The UAV autonomy is enabled by cutting-edge technologies including LiDAR-based sensing, differential-flatness-based trajectory planning and control with purely onboard computation. In particular, we propose an optimization-based tail-sitter trajectory planning framework that generates high-speed, collision-free, and dynamically-feasible trajectories. To efficiently and reliably solve this nonlinear, constrained \textcolor{black}{problem}, we develop an efficient feasibility-assured solver, EFOPT, tailored for the online planning of tail-sitter UAVs. We conduct extensive simulation studies to benchmark EFOPT's superiority in planning tasks against conventional NLP solvers. We also demonstrate exhaustive experiments of aggressive autonomous flights with speeds up to 15m/s in various real-world environments, including indoor laboratories, underground parking lots, and outdoor parks. A video demonstration is available at https://youtu.be/OvqhlB2h3k8, and the EFOPT solver is open-sourced at https://github.com/hku-mars/EFOPT.
Use-Inspired Mobile Robot to Improve Safety of Building Retrofit Workforce in Constrained Spaces
Suresh, Smruti, Carvajal, Michael Angelo, Hanson, Nathaniel, Holand, Ethan, Hibbard, Samuel, Padir, Taskin
Abstract-- The inspection of confined critical infrastructure such as attics or crawlspaces is challenging for human operators due to insufficient task space, limited visibility, and the presence of hazardous materials. This paper introduces a prototype of PARIS (Precision Application Robot for Inaccessible Spaces): a use-inspired teleoperated mobile robot manipulator system that was conceived, developed, and tested for--and selected as a Phase I winner of--the U.S. Department of Energy's E-ROBOT Prize. To improve the thermal efficiency of buildings, the PARIS platform supports: 1) teleoperated mapping and navigation, enabling the human operator to explore compact spaces; 2) inspection and sensing, facilitating the identification and localization of under-insulated areas; and 3) air-sealing targeted gaps and cracks through which thermal energy is lost. The resulting versatile platform can also be tailored for targeted application of treatments and remediation in constrained spaces. Approximately 75% of the world's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions result from the cumulative energy sector [1].
Using Drone Swarm to Stop Wildfire: A Predict-then-optimize Approach
Pan, Shijie, Cheng, Aoran, Sun, Yiqi, Kang, Kai, Pais, Cristobal, Zhou, Yulun, Shen, Zuo-Jun Max
Drone swarms coupled with data intelligence can be the future of wildfire fighting. However, drone swarm firefighting faces enormous challenges, such as the highly complex environmental conditions in wildfire scenes, the highly dynamic nature of wildfire spread, and the significant computational complexity of drone swarm operations. We develop a predict-then-optimize approach to address these challenges to enable effective drone swarm firefighting. First, we construct wildfire spread prediction convex neural network (Convex-NN) models based on real wildfire data. Then, we propose a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model coupled with dynamic programming (DP) to enable efficient drone swarm task planning. We further use chance-constrained robust optimization (CCRO) to ensure robust firefighting performances under varying situations. The formulated model is solved efficiently using Benders Decomposition and Branch-and-Cut algorithms. After 75 simulated wildfire environments training, the MIP+CCRO approach shows the best performance among several testing sets, reducing movements by 37.3\% compared to the plain MIP. It also significantly outperformed the GA baseline, which often failed to fully extinguish the fire. Eventually, we will conduct real-world fire spread and quenching experiments in the next stage for further validation.