The system generates traffic flow measurements that enable traffic operations centers to monitor traffic movement and better respond to accidents Wal-Mart Stores (Bentonville, Ark.) Tektronix (Wilsonville, Ore.), a and congestion. This system, which manage its automated storage and models for its computer-assisted includes fuzzy logic and neural network retrieval system. The systems will Mexico), a producer of metals, has Calif.) is using visualization and digital monitor satellite signals in near real implemented an intelligent system to prototyping software for vehicle time, alerting operators to out-of-tolerance improve its zinc yield. The advanced design and manufacturing within its conditions and the presence of control expert system provides operator new concurrent engineering system. The application was developed and virtual manufacturing.

At a workshop held in Toulouse, France, in 1977, Gallaire, Minker, and Nicolas stated that logic and databases was a field in its own right. This was the first time that this designation was made. The impetus for it started approximately 20 years ago in 1976 when I visited Gallaire and Nicolas in Toulouse, France. In this article, I provide an assessment about what has been achieved in the 20 years since the field started as a distinct discipline. I review developments in the field, assess contributions, consider the status of implementations of deductive databases, and discuss future work needed in deductive databases.

Some people believe that the expert system field is dead, yet others believe it is alive and well. To gain a better insight into these possible views, the first three world congresses on expert systems (which typically attract representatives from some 45-50 countries) are used to determine the health of the global expert system field in terms of applied technologies, applications, and management. This article highlights some of these findings.

The mail sorting, folding, and inserting mobile personal communications goal is to facilitate the design of exhaust equipment, has implemented an expert network that will permit any mufflers of inlet manifolds in system solution at the core of its type of wireless telephone transmission--voice, hours instead of days. Air Force Manufacturing Technology service data from which common GKIS Intelligent Systems (Houston, Directorate (MANTECH) (Wright-Patterson knowledge--such as service procedures, Tex.) has developed the It is process to prove out and select Intergraph (Huntsville, Ala.), a designed to mine environmental optimal new concepts. The company has Industries (Phenix City, Ala.), a decisions related to advanced launched Project Solomon to upgrade textile manufacturer, is using an automated strike-warfare technology. The Workers' Compensation Fund uses advanced vision technology, neural knowledge-based software. The system compares workers' to develop a fuzzy logic-based solution off-quality production.

AI has been well supported by government research and development dollars for decades now, and people are beginning to ask hard questions: What really works? What are the limits? What doesn't work as advertised? What isn't likely to work? What isn't affordable? This article holds a mirror up to the community, both to provide feedback and stimulate more self-assessment. The significant accomplishments and strengths of the field are highlighted. The research agenda, strategy, and heuristics are reviewed, and a change of course is recommend-ed to improve the field's ability to produce reusable and interoperable components.

Some people believe that the expert system field is dead, yet others believe it is alive and well. To gain a better insight into these possible views, the first three world congresses on expert systems (which typically attract representatives from some 45-50 countries) are used to determine the health of the global expert system field in terms of applied technologies, applications, and management. This article highlights some of these findings.

An algorithm that learns from a set of examples should ideally be able to exploit the available resources of (a) abundant computing power and (b) domain-specific knowledge to improve its ability to generalize. Connectionist theory-refinement systems, which use background knowledge to select a neural network's topology and initial weights, have proven to be effective at exploiting domain-specific knowledge; however, most do not exploit available computing power. This weakness occurs because they lack the ability to refine the topology of the neural networks they produce, thereby limiting generalization, especially when given impoverished domain theories. We present the REGENT algorithm which uses (a) domain-specific knowledge to help create an initial population of knowledge-based neural networks and (b) genetic operators of crossover and mutation (specifically designed for knowledge-based networks) to continually search for better network topologies. Experiments on three real-world domains indicate that our new algorithm is able to significantly increase generalization compared to a standard connectionist theory-refinement system, as well as our previous algorithm for growing knowledge-based networks.

Y. Reich (Tel-Aviv University) proposed The paper by M. Benaroch (Syracuse University) suggested the use of knowledge-based tools for mass customization of service products; it dealt in general Grundstein (Framatome, France) reported than the other methods. At the macroeconomic and J. Zahavi (both of Tel-Aviv University) level, Deinichenko et al. presented found that genetic algorithms an expert system that utilizes performed even better than a fuzzy knowledge to analyze economic on Artificial Intelligence linear programming model on their Thus, their conclusion was Academy of Sciences) and T. Szapiro (AIEM4) was held in Tel-Aviv, that AI techniques might provide (Warsaw School of Economics) noted Israel, from 8 to 10 January 1996, better results than rigid analytic the lack of models appropriate to the with participants from 13 countries. Service to customers in the financial for discerning patterns in the economic As a matter of course, almost every area was another focus of the and demographic data of developing presentation at the workshop workshop. Lange et al. described a economies. The paper by touched on AI techniques in one way system for customizing investment Edmonds and S. Moss (Manchester or another.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is being challenged to perform more frequent and intensive space-exploration missions at greatly reduced cost. Nowhere is this challenge more acute than among robotic planetary exploration missions that the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) conducts for NASA. This article describes recent and ongoing work on spacecraft autonomy and ground systems that builds on a legacy of existing success at JPL applying AI techniques to challenging computational problems in planning and scheduling, real-time monitoring and control, scientific data analysis, and design automation.

This article was reprinted with permission from "ACM Computing Surveys: 28(4): December 1996, 653-670. original is available from ACM.