Mental health disorders may cause severe consequences on all the countries' economies and health. For example, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as isolation and travel ban, can make us feel depressed. Identifying early signs of mental health disorders is vital. For example, depression may increase an individual's risk of suicide. The state-of-the-art research in identifying mental disorder patterns from textual data, uses hand-labelled training sets, especially when a domain expert's knowledge is required to analyse various symptoms. This task could be time-consuming and expensive. To address this challenge, in this paper, we study and analyse the various clinical and non-clinical approaches to identifying mental health disorders. We leverage the domain knowledge and expertise in cognitive science to build a domain-specific Knowledge Base (KB) for the mental health disorder concepts and patterns. We present a weaker form of supervision by facilitating the generating of training data from a domain-specific Knowledge Base (KB). We adopt a typical scenario for analysing social media to identify major depressive disorder symptoms from the textual content generated by social users. We use this scenario to evaluate how our knowledge-based approach significantly improves the quality of results.

Prior work introduced a gradient descent trained expert system that conceptually combines the learning capabilities of neural networks with the understandability and defensible logic of an expert system. This system was shown to be able to learn patterns from data and to perform decision-making at levels rivaling those reported by neural network systems. The principal limitation of the approach, though, was the necessity for the manual development of a rule-fact network (which is then trained using backpropagation). This paper proposes a technique for overcoming this significant limitation, as compared to neural networks. Specifically, this paper proposes the use of larger and denser-than-application need rule-fact networks which are trained, pruned, manually reviewed and then re-trained for use. Multiple types of networks are evaluated under multiple operating conditions and these results are presented and assessed. Based on these individual experimental condition assessments, the proposed technique is evaluated. The data presented shows that error rates as low as 3.9% (mean, 1.2% median) can be obtained, demonstrating the efficacy of this technique for many applications.

In socio-technical settings, operators are increasingly assisted by decision support systems. By employing these, important properties of socio-technical systems such as self-adaptation and self-optimization are expected to improve further. To be accepted by and engage efficiently with operators, decision support systems need to be able to provide explanations regarding the reasoning behind specific decisions. In this paper, we propose the usage of Learning Classifier Systems, a family of rule-based machine learning methods, to facilitate transparent decision making and highlight some techniques to improve that. We then present a template of seven questions to assess application-specific explainability needs and demonstrate their usage in an interview-based case study for a manufacturing scenario. We find that the answers received did yield useful insights for a well-designed LCS model and requirements to have stakeholders actively engage with an intelligent agent.

In recent years, creating and managing knowledge bases have become crucial to the retail product and enterprise domains. We present an automatic knowledge base construction system that mines data from documents. This system can generate training data during the training process without human intervention. Therefore, it is domain-agnostic trainable using only the target domain text corpus and a pre-defined knowledge base. This system is called OASYS and is the first system built with the Korean language in mind. In addition, we also have constructed a new human-annotated benchmark dataset of the Korean Wikipedia corpus paired with a Korean DBpedia to aid system evaluation. The system performance results on human-annotated benchmark test dataset are meaningful and show that the generated knowledge base from OASYS trained on only auto-generated data is useful. We provide both a human-annotated test dataset and an auto-generated dataset.

Ever spend much too long trying -- and failing -- to rediscover articles you've partially read? This reporter's been there, and it seems I'm not the only one. According to 2021 Carnegie Mellon study on browser tab usage, many participants admitted to feeling overwhelmed by the amount of tabs they kept open but were compelled not to close them out of fear of missing out on valuable information. Samiur Rahman is familiar with the feeling -- so much so that he co-created a product, Heyday, to alleviate it. Launched in 2021, Heyday is designed to automatically save web pages and pull in content from cloud apps, resurfacing the content alongside search engine results and curating it into a knowledge base. Investors include Spark Capital, which led a $6.5 million seed round in the company that closed today.

Robotics is a multi-disciplinary field in computer science dedicated to the design and manufacture of robots, with applications in industries such as manufacturing, space exploration and defence. While the field has existed for over 50 years, recent advances such as the Spot and Atlas robots from Boston Dynamics are truly capturing the public's imagination as science fiction becomes reality. Traditionally, robotics has relied on machine learning/deep learning techniques such as object recognition. While this has led to huge advancements, the next frontier in robotics is to enable robots to operate in the real world autonomously, with as little human interaction as possible. Such autonomous robots differ to non-autonomous ones as they operate in an open world, with undefined rules, uncertain real-world observations, and an environment -- the real world -- which is constantly changing.

Fox News Flash top headlines are here. Check out what's clicking on Foxnews.com. The Supreme Court Thursday ruled 6-3 that New York's regulations that made it difficult to obtain a license to carry a concealed handgun were unconstitutionally restrictive, and that it should be easier to obtain such a license. The existing standard required an applicant to show "proper cause" for seeking a license, and allowed New York officials to exercise discretion in determining whether a person has shown a good enough reason for needing to carry a firearm. Stating that one wished to protect themselves or their property was not enough.

Even as many businesses experiment with AI using rudimentary machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models, a new sort of AI called symbolic AI is emerging from the lab, with the potential to transform both AI's function and its relationship with its human overseers. There are two groups in AI history: symbolic AI and non-symbolic AI, each of which takes a distinct approach to build an intelligent system. The symbolic method tried to create an intelligent system with explainable actions based on rules and knowledge, whereas the non-symbolic method aimed to create a computational system modeled after the human brain. The ultimate objective of computer science is to create an AI system capable of thinking, logic, and learning. Most AI systems today, on the other hand, only have one of the two abilities: learning or reasoning.

Artificial Intelligence is proving its prominence in every industry out there and the healthcare industry is no different. From patient care to Administrative processes AI has huge potential in the healthcare industry. There are many research studies suggesting that AI can perform as well as or better than humans at key healthcare tasks. We have seen robots performing surgeries or assisting doctors with more precision and flexibility. Algorithms are outperforming radiologists in detecting dangerous tumors and advising researchers on how to build cohorts for expensive clinical trials.

New building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes, as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones. The rules, which came into effect on Wednesday in England, are part of government plans to reduce the UK's carbon emissions to net zero by 2050. They set new standards for ventilation, energy efficiency and heating, and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles. The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years, and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs is already driving up bills. Brian Berry, chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders, a trade group for small and medium-sized builders, says the measures will require new materials, testing methods, products and systems to be installed.