Generative networks have shown remarkable success in learning complex data distributions, particularly in generating high-dimensional data from lower-dimensional inputs. While this capability is well-documented empirically, its theoretical underpinning remains unclear. One common theoretical explanation appeals to the widely accepted manifold hypothesis, which suggests that many real-world datasets, such as images and signals, often possess intrinsic low-dimensional geometric structures. Under this manifold hypothesis, it is widely believed that to approximate a distribution on a $d$-dimensional Riemannian manifold, the latent dimension needs to be at least $d$ or $d+1$. In this work, we show that this requirement on the latent dimension is not necessary by demonstrating that generative networks can approximate distributions on $d$-dimensional Riemannian manifolds from inputs of any arbitrary dimension, even lower than $d$, taking inspiration from the concept of space-filling curves. This approach, in turn, leads to a super-exponential complexity bound of the deep neural networks through expanded neurons. Our findings thus challenge the conventional belief on the relationship between input dimensionality and the ability of generative networks to model data distributions. This novel insight not only corroborates the practical effectiveness of generative networks in handling complex data structures, but also underscores a critical trade-off between approximation error, dimensionality, and model complexity.

Generative AI has the potential to transform personalization and accessibility of education. However, it raises serious concerns about accuracy and helping students become independent critical thinkers. In this study, we designed a helpful AI "Peer" to help students correct fundamental physics misconceptions related to Newtonian mechanic concepts. In contrast to approaches that seek near-perfect accuracy to create an authoritative AI tutor or teacher, we directly inform students that this AI can answer up to 40% of questions incorrectly. In a randomized controlled trial with 165 students, those who engaged in targeted dialogue with the AI Peer achieved post-test scores that were, on average, 10.5 percentage points higher--with over 20 percentage points higher normalized gain--than a control group that discussed physics history. Qualitative feedback indicated that 91% of the treatment group's AI interactions were rated as helpful. Furthermore, by comparing student performance on pre-and post-test questions about the same concept, along with experts' annotations of the AI interactions, we find initial evidence suggesting the improvement in performance does not depend on the correctness of the AI. With further research, the AI Peer paradigm described here could open new possibilities for how we learn, adapt to, and grow with AI. Students have recently been exposed to the remarkable capabilities of Generative AI (AI) in education (AIED). For example, OpenAI's ChatGPT has been reported to successfully support teaching preparation, assessment design and grading, and student learning (Lo, 2023). Systems like ChatGPT show potential to save time and enhance teaching and learning, including critical and higher-order thinking tasks (Lo, 2023).

We propose a numerical method of searching for parameters with experimental constraints in generic flavor models by utilizing diffusion models, which are classified as a type of generative artificial intelligence (generative AI). As a specific example, we consider the $S_4^\prime$ modular flavor model and construct a neural network that reproduces quark masses, the CKM matrix, and the Jarlskog invariant by treating free parameters in the flavor model as generating targets. By generating new parameters with the trained network, we find various phenomenologically interesting parameter regions where an analytical evaluation of the $S_4^\prime$ model is challenging. Additionally, we confirm that the spontaneous CP violation occurs in the $S_4^\prime$ model. The diffusion model enables an inverse problem approach, allowing the machine to provide a series of plausible model parameters from given experimental data. Moreover, it can serve as a versatile analytical tool for extracting new physical predictions from flavor models.

Increased usage of generative AI (GenAI) in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research induces a climate impact from carbon emissions due to energy consumption of the hardware used to develop and run GenAI models and systems. The exact energy usage and and subsequent carbon emissions are difficult to estimate in HCI research because HCI researchers most often use cloud-based services where the hardware and its energy consumption are hidden from plain view. The HCI GenAI CO2ST Calculator is a tool designed specifically for the HCI research pipeline, to help researchers estimate the energy consumption and carbon footprint of using generative AI in their research, either a priori (allowing for mitigation strategies or experimental redesign) or post hoc (allowing for transparent documentation of carbon footprint in written reports of the research).

LLMs increasingly serve as tools for knowledge acquisition, yet users cannot effectively specify how they want information presented. When users request that LLMs "cite reputable sources," "express appropriate uncertainty," or "include multiple perspectives," they discover that current interfaces provide no structured way to articulate these preferences. The result is prompt sharing folklore: community-specific copied prompts passed through trust relationships rather than based on measured efficacy. We propose the Epistemic Alignment Framework, a set of ten challenges in knowledge transmission derived from the philosophical literature of epistemology, concerning issues such as evidence quality assessment and calibration of testimonial reliance. The framework serves as a structured intermediary between user needs and system capabilities, creating a common vocabulary to bridge the gap between what users want and what systems deliver. Through a thematic analysis of custom prompts and personalization strategies shared on online communities where these issues are actively discussed, we find users develop elaborate workarounds to address each of the challenges. We then apply our framework to two prominent model providers, OpenAI and Anthropic, through content analysis of their documented policies and product features. Our analysis shows that while these providers have partially addressed the challenges we identified, they fail to establish adequate mechanisms for specifying epistemic preferences, lack transparency about how preferences are implemented, and offer no verification tools to confirm whether preferences were followed. For AI developers, the Epistemic Alignment Framework offers concrete guidance for supporting diverse approaches to knowledge; for users, it works toward information delivery that aligns with their specific needs rather than defaulting to one-size-fits-all approaches.

--Artificial intelligence (AI) trends vary significantly across global regions, shaping the trajectory of innovation, regulation, and societal impact. This variation influences how dif - ferent regions approach AI development, balancing technological progress with ethical and regulatory considerations. This study conducts a comparative analysis of AI trends in the United States (US), the European Union (EU), and Asia, focusing on three key dimensions: generative AI, ethical oversight, and industrial applications. The US prioritizes market -driven innovation with minimal regulatory constraints, the EU enforces a precautionary risk -based framework emphasizing ethical safeguards, and Asia employs state -guided AI strategies that balance rapid deployment with regulatory oversight. Although these approaches reflect different economic models and policy priorities, their divergence poses challenges to international collaboration, regulatory harmonization, and the development of global AI standards. To address these challenges, this paper synthesizes regional strengths to propose an adaptive AI governance framework that integrates risk -tiered oversight, innovation accelerators, and strategic alignment mechanisms. By bridging governance gaps, this study offers actionable insights for fostering responsible AI development while ensuring a balance between technological progress, ethical imperatives, and regulatory coherence. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in the 21st century, reshaping industries, governance structures, and societal interactions at an unprecedented pace. From generative AI creating human - like text and images to autonomous systems revolutionizing healthcare, finance, and manufacturing, AI's influence is profound and far - reaching.

The scarcity of accessible, compliant, and ethically sourced data presents a considerable challenge to the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in sensitive fields like healthcare, finance, and biomedical research. Furthermore, access to unrestricted public datasets is increasingly constrained due to rising concerns over privacy, copyright, and competition. Synthetic data has emerged as a promising alternative, and diffusion models -- a cutting-edge generative AI technology -- provide an effective solution for generating high-quality and diverse synthetic data. In this paper, we introduce a novel federated learning framework for training diffusion models on decentralized private datasets. Our framework leverages personalization and the inherent noise in the forward diffusion process to produce high-quality samples while ensuring robust differential privacy guarantees. Our experiments show that our framework outperforms non-collaborative training methods, particularly in settings with high data heterogeneity, and effectively reduces biases and imbalances in synthetic data, resulting in fairer downstream models.

It examines fair use legal arguments and eight distinct substantive arguments, contending that every legal and substantive argument favoring fair use for GenAI applies equally, if not more so, to humans. Therefore, granting GenAI exceptional privileges in this domain is legally and logically inco nsistent with withholding broad fair use exemptions from individual humans.

Sam Altman today revealed that OpenAI will release an open weight artificial intelligence model in the coming months. "We are excited to release a powerful new open-weight language model with reasoning in the coming months," Altman wrote on X. Altman said in the post that the company has been thinking about releasing an open weight model for some time, adding "now it feels important to do." The move is partly a response to the runaway success of the R1 model from Chinese company DeepSeek, as well as the popularity of Meta's Llama models. OpenAI may also feel the need to show that it can train the new model more cheaply, since DeepSeek's model was purportedly trained at a fraction of the cost of most large AI models. "This is amazing news," Clement Delangue, cofounder and CEO of HuggingFace, a company that specializes in hosting open AI models, told WIRED.

Amazon is still seen as a bit of a laggard in the race to develop advanced artificial intelligence, but it has quietly created a lab that is now setting records when it comes to AI performance. Amazon's AGI SF Lab, which is located in San Francisco and dedicated to building artificial general intelligence, or AI that surpasses the capabilities of humans, revealed the first fruits of its work today: A new AI model capable of powering some of the most advanced AI agents available anywhere. The new model, called Amazon Nova Act, outperforms ones from OpenAI and Anthropic on several benchmarks designed to gauge the intelligence and aptitude of AI agents, Amazon says. On the benchmarks GroundUI Web and ScreenSpot, Amazon Nova Act performs better than Claude 3.7 Sonnet and OpenAI Computer Use Agent. A major part of Amazon's plan to compete in the AI market is to focus on building agents, and the new model's abilities reflect its efforts to build a generation of tools that can measure up to the very best available.