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Understanding the Effects of Human-written Paraphrases in LLM-generated Text Detection

Lau, Hiu Ting, Zubiaga, Arkaitz

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Natural Language Generation has been rapidly developing with the advent of large language models (LLMs). While their usage has sparked significant attention from the general public, it is important for readers to be aware when a piece of text is LLM-generated. This has brought about the need for building models that enable automated LLM-generated text detection, with the aim of mitigating potential negative outcomes of such content. Existing LLM-generated detectors show competitive performances in telling apart LLM-generated and human-written text, but this performance is likely to deteriorate when paraphrased texts are considered. In this study, we devise a new data collection strategy to collect Human & LLM Paraphrase Collection (HLPC), a first-of-its-kind dataset that incorporates human-written texts and paraphrases, as well as LLM-generated texts and paraphrases. With the aim of understanding the effects of human-written paraphrases on the performance of state-of-the-art LLM-generated text detectors OpenAI RoBERTa and watermark detectors, we perform classification experiments that incorporate human-written paraphrases, watermarked and non-watermarked LLM-generated documents from GPT and OPT, and LLM-generated paraphrases from DIPPER and BART. The results show that the inclusion of human-written paraphrases has a significant impact of LLM-generated detector performance, promoting TPR@1%FPR with a possible trade-off of AUROC and accuracy.


Prompting for Numerical Sequences: A Case Study on Market Comment Generation

Kawarada, Masayuki, Ishigaki, Tatsuya, Takamura, Hiroya

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied to a wide range of data-to-text generation tasks, including tables, graphs, and time-series numerical data-to-text settings. While research on generating prompts for structured data such as tables and graphs is gaining momentum, in-depth investigations into prompting for time-series numerical data are lacking. Therefore, this study explores various input representations, including sequences of tokens and structured formats such as HTML, LaTeX, and Python-style codes. In our experiments, we focus on the task of Market Comment Generation, which involves taking a numerical sequence of stock prices as input and generating a corresponding market comment. Contrary to our expectations, the results show that prompts resembling programming languages yield better outcomes, whereas those similar to natural languages and longer formats, such as HTML and LaTeX, are less effective. Our findings offer insights into creating effective prompts for tasks that generate text from numerical sequences.


Tourist Guidance Robot Based on HyperCLOVA

Yamazaki, Takato, Yoshikawa, Katsumasa, Kawamoto, Toshiki, Ohagi, Masaya, Mizumoto, Tomoya, Ichimura, Shuta, Kida, Yusuke, Sato, Toshinori

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

This paper describes our system submitted to Dialogue Robot Competition 2022. Our proposed system is a combined model of rule-based and generation-based dialog systems. The system utilizes HyperCLOVA, a Japanese foundation model, not only to generate responses but also summarization, search information, etc. We also used our original speech recognition system, which was fine-tuned for this dialog task. As a result, our system ranked second in the preliminary round and moved on to the finals.


As sinking yen causes pain for many, SoftBank and game-makers are rare beneficiaries

The Japan Times

SoftBank Group Corp. and video game-makers are emerging as rare beneficiaries of the weaker yen, which no longer offers the clear advantage to Japan's corporate sector that it did a decade ago. Automakers and electronics-makers including Sony Group Corp. once welcomed a softer yen to bolster their competitiveness abroad and inflate the value of their repatriated profits. But after shifting production overseas in recent years to secure growth and resilient supply chains, many of them see a mixed -- or mostly neutral -- effect from the yen's free fall to 20-year lows, according to industry executives and analysts. For some consumer-facing companies, including Uniqlo owner Fast Retailing Co., the latest slump in the yen is a negative factor, exacerbating the impact of surging raw materials costs and higher energy prices amid Russia's war in Ukraine. "It's no longer the case that the weak yen benefits many firms in the manufacturing sector," Morningstar Research analyst Kazunori Ito said.


Sony launches a £60 carrying strap for its robotic dog Aibo

Daily Mail - Science & tech

The idea of a robotic dog that you can carry on your chest like a baby may sound like a concept from the latest episode of Black Mirror. But the idea has become a reality with the launch of Sony's latest accessory for its robotic dog, Aibo. The tech giant has unveiled the'Aibo Thong' – a 9,790 yen (£63) carrying strap designed to allow owners to hold their robo-dog while they're out and about. 'We propose a new lifestyle to all people who live with aibo with a carrying strap that pays attention to details so that you can hold it safely and comfortably,' Sony explained. Sony has unveiled the'Aibo Thong' – a 9,790 yen (£63) carrying strap designed to allow owners to hold their robo-dog while they're out and about Aibo is Sony's robotic dog, which costs an eye-watering £2,145, and features artificial intelligence technology.


Softbank plans IPO for Arm after sale to Nvidia falls through

Al Jazeera

SoftBank's planned sale of the British semiconductor and software design company Arm to US chipmaker Nvidia has fallen through, but the Japanese technology investor immediately turned bullish on taking it public. SoftBank Group Corp said on Tuesday it plans an initial public offering of Arm after the intended sale to Nvidia failed due to regulatory problems. It said the IPO would come sometime in the fiscal year ending in March 2023. Chief Executive Masayoshi Son acknowledged he was disappointed but wasted no time in shifting to an aggressive sales pitch for Arm in its preparation to go public in the United States, likely on the Nasdaq exchange. Rather just being back, it's really going to grow explosively," Son told reporters. He said "a golden time" was coming because of Arm's "architecture", or technology for semiconductors, already widely used in mobile phones and adapted by internet giants like Amazon. Son said even bigger growth will come as the world shifts to electric vehicles because Arm products are energy-efficient. Earlier faltering results at Arm were merely because of a hefty investment in hiring engineers needed to keep such innovations going, Son said. Son said he was tapping new leadership to give Arm a fresh start, with Rene Haas, a semiconductor industry veteran, as chief executive, replacing Simon Segars. "With the uncertainty of the past several months behind us, we are emboldened by a renewed energy to move into a growth strategy and change lives around the world again," Haas said. Arm, which SoftBank acquired in 2016, is a leader in artificial intelligence, IoT, cloud, the metaverse and autonomous driving, with sales and profit growing in recent years. Its semiconductor design is widely licensed and used in virtually all smartphones, the majority of tablets and digital TVs. The company's business centres on designing chips and licensing the intellectual property to customers, rather than chip manufacturing, for which it relies on partners. Nvidia also confirmed the merger was no longer on, although it still had its 20-year licensing agreement with Arm. "Arm is at the centre of the important dynamics in computing.


NEDO BLOG

#artificialintelligence

We're proud to announce that the IOTA Foundation has partnered on a project initiated by Best Materia and IMC, Japanese maintenance-related companies, and funded by NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization). NEDO is Japan's largest public management organization promoting research and development as well as the deployment of industrial, energy, and environmental technologies. The goal of the project is to develop technology to strengthen the security, longevity, and durability of critical infrastructure assets in Japan and abroad. By adding artificial intelligence and the IOTA Tangle technology to Risk-Based Maintenance (RBM) Systems deployed in power plants, energy plants, industrial plants, petrochemicals, and oil refining plants, the group hopes to capture a large share of the domestic social infrastructure conservation market, valued at 170 Trillion Yen (1.5 Trillion USD). This type of predictive maintenance system that shares industry data using a distributed database is set to be the first of its kind in the world. While damage prediction assessment based on the current RBM standards exists, most processes are still left up to field workers to do manually.


Japan's Hottest Tech IPO in 5 Years Shows Retail Trading Fever

#artificialintelligence

A little known company specialized in artificial intelligence has gained more than sevenfold since its listing in Japan last month, underscoring the insatiable demand for technology stocks from the country's retail investors. Neural Pocket Inc., which analyzes photos and videos using AI, gained 622% in its first eight trading days through Aug. 31, the most among tech listings in Japan since 2015, according to Bloomberg-compiled data. The stock has extended its gain since then to a current valuation of over $1 billion. Neural Pocket's eight-day gain beat out that of Ficha Inc., a developer of image recognition software that went public in June, by just a few basis points. Neural Pocket's surge was supported by amateur investors who have become more active in Japan's stock market as they work from home during the coronavirus pandemic, according to Tomoichiro Kubota, a senior market analyst at Matsui Securities Co. "This stock is getting hugely popular among retail investors," Kubota said.


Researchers create a 'smart' mask for COVID-19 with a speaker and translation software

Daily Mail - Science & tech

A Japanese technology company has developed a new Bluetooth-powered smart mask that uses a speaker to amplify a person's voice. Called'c-mask,' the device can also covert a person's speech into text and then translate it into eight different languages through a smartphone app. The mask was developed by Donut Robotics, which initially raised seven million yen, or around $260,000, to fund its development through the Japanese crowdfunding site Fundinno. Donut Robotics has developed a new smart mask to protect against COVID-19 transmission, which also contains a built-in speaker to amplify a person's voice and connects to a smartphone app that can translate speech into eight languages According to Donut, around 5,000 masks are currently planned to be produced and distributed in Japan this September, where they'll retail for 3,980 yen, or around $37. The company will also charge an additional monthly subscription fee to access translation services, according to a report in Japan Today - though the exact pricing hasn't been announced.


Electronics firms expand business in self-driving, EV technology

#artificialintelligence

Electronics and other non-automotive companies are eager to expand their businesses in the auto industry where innovations will be key factors amid the growing need for autonomous and electrified vehicles. At the Tokyo Motor Show, open to the public from Friday to Nov. 4, many electronics firms including Hitachi Ltd., Mitsubishi Electric Corp. and Panasonic Corp. are showcasing their products and services. Such companies are trying to take advantage of their experience and knowledge to manufacture motors, inverters and sensors that are indispensable to assemble autonomous and electrified cars. More than 50 percent of vehicles will be fully or partly powered by electricity by 2040, according to an estimate by the International Energy Agency. Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd., an automotive business unit of Hitachi group, produces motors and inverters for electric vehicles as well as electronic control units of advanced driving assistance systems.