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Evaluating DNA function understanding in genomic language models using evolutionarily implausible sequences

Jiang, Shiyu, Liu, Xuyin, Wang, Zitong Jerry

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Genomic language models (gLMs) hold promise for generating novel, functional DNA sequences for synthetic biology. However, realizing this potential requires models to go beyond evolutionary plausibility and understand how DNA sequence encodes gene expression and regulation. We introduce a benchmark called Nullsettes, which assesses how well models can predict in silico loss-of-function (LOF) mutations, in synthetic expression cassettes with little evolutionary precedent. Testing 12 state-of-the-art gLMs, we find that most fail to consistently detect these strong LOF mutations. All models show a sharp drop in predictive accuracy as the likelihood assigned to the original (nonmutant) sequence decreases, suggesting that gLMs rely heavily on pattern-matching to their evolutionary prior rather than on any mechanistic understanding of gene expression. Our findings highlight fundamental limitations in how gLMs generalize to engineered, non-natural sequences, and underscore the need for benchmarks and modeling strategies that prioritize functional understanding.


Forget the Terminators, our robot future may be squishy and fun

New Scientist

"When I think about the future of robots and society, I don't see machine overlords" Are you worried that AI-powered robots are going to steal our jobs and maybe kill us all? But it is time to play devil's advocate with yourself and consider whether the opposite might be true. My new novel, Automatic Noodle, out later this year, is about four robots who struggle to find employment in a country where humans have made laws preventing bots from unionising, opening bank accounts, voting and owning their own businesses. Yes, it is science fiction. But it is based on real tech – and, more importantly, it explores the implications of our deeply held suspicion that robots are evil.


FoxNews AI Newsletter: 'Terminator' director James Cameron flip-flops on AI, says Hollywood is 'looking at it

FOX News

Reachy 2 is touted as a "lab partner for the AI era." Director James Cameron attends the "Avatar: The Way Of Water" World Premiere at Odeon Luxe Leicester Square in 2022 in London, England. 'I'LL BE BACK': James Cameron's stance on artificial intelligence has evolved over the past few years, and he feels Hollywood needs to embrace it in a few different ways. MADE IN AMERICA: Nvidia on Monday announced plans to manufacture its artificial intelligence supercomputers entirely in the U.S. for the first time. RIDEABLE 4-LEGGED ROOT: Kawasaki Heavy Industries has introduced something that feels straight out of a video game: CORLEO, a hydrogen-powered, four-legged robot prototype designed to be ridden by humans.


'Terminator' director James Cameron flip-flops on AI, says Hollywood is 'looking at it all wrong'

FOX News

Fox News Flash top entertainment and celebrity headlines are here. James Cameron's stance on artificial intelligence has evolved over the past few years, and he feels Hollywood needs to embrace it in a few different ways. Cameron joined the board of directors for Stability AI last year, explaining his decision on the "Boz to the Future" podcast last week. "The goal was to understand the space, to understand what's on the minds of the developers," he said. How much resources you have to throw at it to create a new model that does a purpose-built thing, and my goal was to try to integrate it into a VFX workflow." He continued by saying the shift to AI is a necessary one. James Cameron wants Hollywood to implement AI more for big-budget films. WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)? If we want to continue to see the kinds of movies that I've always loved and that I like to make and that I will go to see – 'Dune,' 'Dune: Part Two' or one of my films or big effects-heavy, CG-heavy films – we've got to figure out how to cut the cost of that in half. That's about doubling their speed to completion on a given shot, so your cadence is faster and your throughput cycle is faster, and artists get to move on and do other cool things and then other cool things, right? Cameron doesn't think films are ultimately "a big target" for companies like OpenAI. "Their goal is not to make GenAI movies.


The 2025 Terminator? Lab-grown muscle brings biohybrid robot hand to life

FOX News

A groundbreaking development has come from researchers at the University of Tokyo and Waseda University in Japan. They've created a biohybrid hand, a fusion of lab-grown muscle tissue and mechanical engineering, capable of gripping and making gestures. This innovation paves the way for a new generation of robotics with diverse applications. Get security alerts & expert tech tips – sign up for Kurt's The CyberGuy Report now. While soft robots and advanced prosthetics are becoming increasingly common, the combination of living tissue and machines is still relatively rare.


Reinforcement Learning with a Terminator

Neural Information Processing Systems

We present the problem of reinforcement learning with exogenous termination. We define the Termination Markov Decision Process (TerMDP), an extension of the MDP framework, in which episodes may be interrupted by an external non-Markovian observer. We learn the parameters of the TerMDP and leverage the structure of the estimation problem to provide state-wise confidence bounds. We use these to construct a provably-efficient algorithm, which accounts for termination, and bound its regret. Motivated by our theoretical analysis, we design and implement a scalable approach, which combines optimism (w.r.t.


Dynamic Ensemble Reasoning for LLM Experts

Hu, Jinwu, Wang, Yufeng, Zhang, Shuhai, Zhou, Kai, Chen, Guohao, Hu, Yu, Xiao, Bin, Tan, Mingkui

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Ensemble reasoning for the strengths of different LLM experts is critical to achieving consistent and satisfactory performance on diverse inputs across a wide range of tasks. However, existing LLM ensemble methods are either computationally intensive or incapable of leveraging complementary knowledge among LLM experts for various inputs. In this paper, we propose a Dynamic Ensemble Reasoning paradigm, called DER to integrate the strengths of multiple LLM experts conditioned on dynamic inputs. Specifically, we model the LLM ensemble reasoning problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP), wherein an agent sequentially takes inputs to request knowledge from an LLM candidate and passes the output to a subsequent LLM candidate. Moreover, we devise a reward function to train a DER-Agent to dynamically select an optimal answering route given the input questions, aiming to achieve the highest performance with as few computational resources as possible. Last, to fully transfer the expert knowledge from the prior LLMs, we develop a Knowledge Transfer Prompt (KTP) that enables the subsequent LLM candidates to transfer complementary knowledge effectively. Experiments demonstrate that our method uses fewer computational resources to achieve better performance compared to state-of-the-art baselines.


Rise of the killer robots: Experts reveal just how close we are to a Terminator-style takeover

Daily Mail - Science & tech

It's been exactly 40 years since The Terminator hit the big screen, shocking cinemagoers with its terrifying depiction of a post-apocalyptic future. In James Cameron's epic sci-fi blockbuster, billions of people are killed when self-aware machines trigger a global nuclear war around the start of the 21st century. Arnold Schwarzenegger stars as the eponymous robotic assassin sent back in time from 2029 to 1984 to eliminate the threat of a human resistance. Famously, the Terminator, which looks just like an adult human, 'absolutely will not stop … until you are dead', as one character puts it. While this sounds like pure sci-fi, academic and industry figures – including Elon Musk – fear that humanity will indeed be annihilated by AI. But when exactly will this happen?


'Terminator' star Linda Hamilton put retirement on hold for 'Stranger Things'

FOX News

'Terminator' stars Arnold Schwarzenegger and Linda Hamilton reunited to promote the new sequel'Terminator: Dark Fate.' Linda Hamilton became a star after appearing in 1984's sci-fi classic "The Terminator," alongside Arnold Schwarzenegger. But after appearing in the latest film in the franchise, "Terminator: Dark Fate" in 2019, the 67-year-old was ready to retire – not just from her iconic character, Sarah Connor, but the industry as well. "I don't do a lot of regret. I think in the end, it holds true that we regret what we didn't do, not what we did," she told The Hollywood Reporter in a new interview. Speaking on "Dark Fate," she continued, "I'm very glad I went back. I loved [director Tim Miller], I love my ladies [Mackenzie Davis and Natalia Reyes], and while I can't say I love the film, that's because I was so attached to it. I felt like it was too fast. But we did so much good work, and it was the greatest time of my life, and the worst time of my life, all rolled into one film. Linda Hamilton told The Hollywood Reporter that working on "Terminator: Dark Fate" was "the greatest time of my life, and the worst time of my life, all rolled into one film." "I was 63 or whatever I was, and it was the hardest shoot.


The robot uprising could be imminent: Elon Musk warns AI will outsmart mankind by the end of next YEAR

Daily Mail - Science & tech

From Terminator to Ex Machina, machines overthrowing their human creators is a staple of science fiction. But the robot uprising could be closer than you think, as Elon Musk warns AI will surpass the abilities of humanity by the end of next year. Speaking in an interview on X, the Tesla CEO claimed that AI would become more intelligent than the smartest human within two years. And, within five years, Musk even predicts that'sentient' AIs will outnumber humans. However, humanity might have a chance as Musk also claims that a shortage in advanced chips and electricity could hold back AI's development.